


'■^iGGS memorial 
library 

S'^ORGETOWN UNIVERSITY 



















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IBS BBUBILHATIOI OF THE WCXnroSD SCfiJ)IX&« y - 


K«efe^ Francis f^'^rick 


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SraUOTED TO 2HB BOiHD OP BEGEHTS OP THE {mABUATB SCHOOi OP 
GEGEGBTCm MITEESIT7 

15 PiBTIAL FDIiPIIiIMENT OP BEQUIEEMOTS PCE THE DEGBEB 
OF HASTES (m ABTS. 




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Francis Fatricic Keefe vas bom in Boston, Massaobusetts^ 
December 25, 1892, He graduated from Oar Lady of Per¬ 
petual Help l^roobial Scliool, Eoxbuxy, Maes*, Boston 
College High School, and reoeir^ the Degree of Bachelor 
of Arts from Boston College in 1916* 



CH^lPTER l 


UrmCDUCTIOH - causes 0» war IHJUaiBS - JUSfIFICAfIGE AHD 

CHARAOfEE 0? WOBK OF BEHABILIWlQir - HJRPOSl OF fSMfSSES!? -> 

SCOBS CF mOBLBSU 

Rehabilitation is capable of a two-fold eenstroetion, and a thoron^« 
comprehensire treatment would inrolTe its derelopment in the broad as well 
as the narrow sense# In the narrow sense it refers only to men of the 
Biilitary service, and if it is used as thou^ only disabled soldiers and 
sailors req.uire rehabilitation, it is possible that our duty to the uninjured 
zDen who returned from the fighting to their homes at the end of the war, may 
be forgotten. It is a separate and Hhewise a vast problem to replace in 
civil life these strohg men, but this is another phase of the problem as used 
in the narrow sense. 

Rehabilitation includes not only so3Ldlers and sailors but the whole com¬ 
munity, and by thia'distinction the idea is conceived in the broader sense# 

Our soldiers and sailors are citizens, hence their rehabilitation is a matter 
of such wide extent that it can leave no phase of social activity tmtouched^ 

It has been little considered from this point of view, and since it is but in¬ 
directly related to the subject under discussion, it will suffice to speak of 
it only in passiz^# 

Never before have so many young able-bodied men been maimed at the same 
time. Even in past wars, in which a large part of the male population was 
engaged, fewer wrecks remained because the mortality among the wounded was 
greater# Many conspicuous facets already a matter of commm knowledge, will 
serve to indicate the range of injuries In the present war and the character 
of the problems which have confronted the medical services cf the armies# 





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Artillery fire. Including gas boabs, as well as sbrapnel, is the laportant 
cause of casualties. Hand grenades and small fize'arms come next, with the 
bayonet still remaining an act ire instrument of death. Sbrapiel, bombs and 
pointed bullets cause extensiTe lac6rati(ms of the soft tissues, and multiple 
fractures of bones and joints* The intense force of the bullets and occasion- 
ally of other projectiles, has disprored the classic belief of the days of 
slower missiles that the fibres of nerre chords merely separate and let the ball 
pass through, and cannot be injured by fire-arms* How we Imow nerves are 
shattered li^ bones* The tremendous ccmcussion and noise of high explosives 
paralyses the cdntral nervous system, while jafolonged and extraordinary tension 
produces neurasthenia* Liquid f and ^s shells cause bums and unusual 
kinds of poisoning* The water, sad and lice of the trenches develop "trench 
foot", which my necessitate amputation, and "tarench fever" which sometimes 
leeves a weakened condition requiring a long period of convalescence* Hew 
forms of infection like Spanish Influenza appear* Trench warfare and b<»nbs 

from airplanes result in an usual^ proportion of wounds on the top of the head 
and the face* 

Many factors combine to detemine the nuaiber and nature of the casualties 
in any war, and the character and amount of the residuum of disability at the 
end of it. Hot only the kind of weapons used, and the existing state of medi¬ 
cal science, are i^rtant, but also the general physical condition of the men 
at the beginning, the climate, soil, features of the terfain, the quality of the 
food, facilities for cleanliness, and other circumstances a^eoting more or less 
directly the kind of caiewhich can be given the sick and wouzided* Science 
working impartially for life and for death seems to hold the balance fairly 
even between the art of destruction and the art of healing. 


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- 3 - 


Iconoraic considemtions^ militaiy necessity, and htiaaaity combined to 
develop a iiew ideal* It consists, in a tew words, of tbe ccffspletest pos¬ 
sible pbysit^ restoration of every man who is womaded or stridcen by ill¬ 
ness In the service , and his coa^letest possible reestablishiiBHt in normal 
civil life as a producer and contributor ratlier than as a helpless and para¬ 
sitic dependent, Shis is not to say that all can be so restored and so re¬ 
established. ?here is no advantage in turning aside the fact that a certain 
number will be physical wrecks, for whom permanent care must be provided, 
but this is a relatively small number of all the disabled. 

A basic principle un<ierlyii^ rehabilitation ot* wounds soldiers is that 
society requires that every individual shall, to the full measure of his 
mental and physical capacity, contribute to his self-support. A who is in- 
jtiied in war or in iniustry has sacrificed his physical integrity for the inter¬ 
ests of somebody else* Under this condition, the obli^tion wouid seem to rest 
clearly upon society to provide for these disabled soldi^s such opportunities 
for re-education and re-employimt as will enable them to become as nearly as 
may be, self-supporting. Tliis principle holds in the case of every individual, 
whatever his physical handicap. It hasbeen said that the only person who has 
a handicap is the one who is mentally deficient. For esample, total blindness 
may seo’^ to be in tiio nature of an insuperable handicap, and in many eases rela¬ 
tives and friends are disposed to make every effort to maiataia the blind person 
in idleness. Such effort is, hovever, detrimental to the blind person himself, 
and to society in general,# His maintenance in idleness, of coarse, implies la¬ 
bor on the part of other individuals and may be freely given, although poten¬ 
tially the blind person may be quite able to work. We have all observed that blind 
persons and those similarly afflicted are ha^^pior and more contented than those 


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who hare boon left to live In idleness and dependency* 

E:^erience to date appears to indicate that rehabilitation is a coEoplsoc 
special personal service which taases one or more of the following fonnst 

(1) aervice of advisejaent aai cooperation* ©lis service iiKist be 
rendered in every case and upon it depends the ultimate success or fh-ilnre of 
all other seivices. Qa the on© liand tliis service comprehends tl:® finding or 
development of suitable opportunities for employment or training* Even more 
important thaA this function, however, is that of creating a receptive attitMe 
on the part of the disabled soldier* Inspiration from the example of others 
wiio have been similarly or even imxre seilously disabled, together with moral and 
financial assistance, are necessary and fundamental conditions flf success in the 
effort to render the disabled man fit to engage in a r^mmerative occupation* 

Such assistance in the form of advisement and cooperation must be continuous 
throughout the process of rehabilitation* 

(2) Service leading to physical reconstruction or functional restoration, 
enabling the man to return to his former occupation, or, throu^ training, to 
enter a new occupation* 

(3) Service leading to the supplying of special mechanical appliances and 
ins traction in their use? the purpose of this service as physical or functional 
restoration being to enable the person to enter upon remunerative employment 
through training. 

( 4 } Service providii^ these men having certain disease tendencies or body 
disfigurements with favorable working conditions or work, again with the pappose 
of enabling them to enter upon remunerative employment throu^ training* 

Relatively few people who have had occasion to come in direct contact with 
-- -- Soldier Rehabilitation Division of the Teteraas* Bureau realise 


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5 


til© aasnitude of tl» worls:, the service performed, or its rapidity of growth* 
There was little precedent In this country which coiald furnish information or 
act as authority • Foreign experience was valuable to a degree but the com¬ 
prehension of the Soldier H^habilitation Act so far exceeded any provisions 
which had been made by other countries at the time, that the groups serred by 
the respective countries were not in the beginning, and have not since become 
comparable. For example, in 1918 France was offering rehabilitation only to 
cripples* The provisions #f the rehabilitation act in this country extended 
its benefits so as to include an enormous range of disabilities, and therefore 
a very laach greater naaber of men than could have been anticipated from the ex¬ 
perience in other countries which had developed up to 1918. Early in 1918 
most people thought of the disabled man in terms of aaputations or blindness* 
Little thou^t ms given to the effects of tuberculosis, heart lesions, or the 
many types of war z^eurosis • Hence, the problems of disabilities in numbers 
could not be foreseen or predicted with any degree of accuracy even by the best 
infomed* Furthermore, the intent and scope of rehabilitatitm as originally 
intended,has been subject to many varying kinds of opinion. The origiaai con¬ 
cept of tim disabled man was a very badly disabled man, but experience has sfiiown 
that extremely serious disabilities are relatively few. Meanwhile, other con¬ 
cepts of rehabilitation have been developed, and the idea back of rehabilitation 
has been an evolution in the public mind, the press, the organisations of ex- 
service men and the Veterans* Bureau itself* 

In the administration of the law, those in authority have believed it to 
be the intent of Congress to permit liberal interpretation* The original idea 
ot rehabilitation and compensation was, as has already been stated, fcnr the 
benefit of men with serious disabilities, which constituted an equally serious 

This idea was based upon the analmgous concept of work- 


Tocational handicap. 


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- 6 - 


a8ii*s compensation. Immediately after the armistice, great namoers of men 
appeared with lesser physical disabilities, but in need of rehabilitation* 
fheir compensation was not sufficient to enable them to attain mazlmum re¬ 
covery from their pihysical disability, althotjgh should that physical disability 
be fully removed, their vocational handicap would have been slight. During 
the year following the armistice, partly growing out of the reward for service 
idea, came the widely expressed conviction that it would be a soimd investment 
of Gk>vem 2 BBnt ftmds to train axid educate as many ex-service men as possible, 
the theory being that trained minds and trained slclll would be a great economic 
asset to the country in future years# 

There is given herewith a statement compiled by the Mministration Divi¬ 
sion of the Veterans* Bijrean, and revised to Bsy 1, 1922, which discloses in 
summary form the various 0sases and extent of the vocational rehabilitation 


woiQ£ accos^lished to dates 


Applicants registered —-——— 

Applicants declared eligible —- 

Assigned 

Ihiassigned —————-- 

Applicants declared ineligible —* 

Pending eligibility ---- 

In process of induction — — -- 

Class 3-——-—— —— — 

Class 6 —---- 

Applicants entered training ——— 
Rehabilitated and completed - 
Training interrupted —— ■— 

Dft^ontinued —-- 

Deceased —- — — — 

In training —-- 

IDraining declined ——— — -—-- 

Class 2 —— ——-— 

Glass 3 --- 


— 295,072 
-13 ,705 


- 9,483 
-36,335 
6 


-11,250 

--20,933 

—— 5,235 

-3,313 

-—109,805 


- 8,579 
- 20,371 


Training deferred ——-- — - — 

DisbursOTients during April, 1922 
Total disbursements to date —— 


- 562,366 

—- 308,777 


180,199 

63,390 

45,824 


150,536 


38,960 


- 58,646 

# 14,120,571,16 
#270,617,163*22 




























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To fturtlier suoaiiariae and siiow the salieiit feattcres of tli© above stateaiaftt 
the following recapitulation is made! 

Vocational Training 

Humber of applioaats declaored eligible for 

Vocational draining -—— 308^777 

HffiBber of applicants who have entered Voca¬ 
tional ?raini23g —— -—-— -- 150^6 

Homiber of applicants now in training —--—-- 109^06 

'Total expend! turep date —^—— --^70^17«163»B2 

There are therefore nearly 110,000 men in every conceivable trade and 

profession undergoing special training as a result of reliabilitation* These 

men are not alone in large cities and in big universities, but in ©very school 

in eveary Industry, in every shop, in every office, and in every factory, where 

suitable arrangeiaents can be made to give^ them theoretical instruction and 

practical experience. The fiml test of vocational rehabilitation is to se 

cure fbT these men education and training compatible with their pJQTSieal and 

mental ability, which will fit them for actual gainful fflaployment. 





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5P!IE wcm Qj^ ASH HB-BDU0A2 10® OP GRTPPT.m 

SOLPIEHS IM JgiAlOg, aMWm, GAHADA md IHUU, 

It tsras in that the need ef sooiaX recanstnictioa for the mr 

cripple T;as first apparent ani tJie means for accomplisiiine it first derised# 
She '»as the first to discover an ans^rer to the prohlea of the "smtiXos** in 
trade training# ?oeatiomi training for the disabled ^ench soldier vas 
first proposed by M. Bdo'oard Herriot* Hayor of and Senator from ^le 

Department of the Biione« In city after city of the provinces • Bouf^s, 
i^ntpellicr, Saint-Etienne, Toulouse, Stetrseillo, aiad otliers - associations 
formed for aldte??: the mutilos recognised tl» worth of M# Herriot’s idea, 

Early in 1915 * there forced in ^ris under the l^dership of YimxTiQ 0 
Barres, a deputy and distinguished mn letters, the groat fedoration 
nationale d^assietance aux mutlles, The federation has established two 
schools of re-education in Paris, and gives finsaicial support to othe a organ¬ 
ised by private persons and trade unions. in May, 1915, the national gov» 2 ?a- 

msnt opened a splendidly equipiJed trade school for disabled cripples at 
Saint-Maurice, just outside of Parisi a little later the City of Ihris coia- 
mondeered a ooiwn school building and tramformed it into a sehool for the 

maimed of tl» Depart /leat of the Seine. The Minister of Comaeroe organised 

0 

special oourses for rautiles in existing trad® schools; the Minister of Agri¬ 
culture did the same in the agricultural schools soattered through the 
provinoee. Departmetits, mmieipallties, boazds of t^lmical instruction, 
employers* associations, trade unions, and private philanthropists, both 




ax mimo 

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r 


- 9 - 

Frencli and foreign. Joined in tJie more Blent,mat il at the present time there 
are more than one hundred reeducational institutions in jPraace* Many 
schools mde possible originally by prirate subscriptiojas hare since been 
attached to a public administrative body - a departmental or miinicipal 
government* chamber of corttoerce, liOE^^ital, or the lilos* 

According to the program \^ich it has drawn up, there should be in every 
part of Jj’rance a ’’centre of readaptation"* to which should be sent wounded 
men, native to tiat region, as soon as they are cured from the purely surgical 
standpoint. Each complete centre of readaptation should include (a) a hospi¬ 
tal of physiotlierapy, wiiere the invalid receives "functional reed'ucation" or 
the treatment which will give him baoE the greatest possible use of his muscles; 
(b) an "apparatus centre" where the artifical limbs and other appliances are 
manufactured and distributed; and (c) a centre of vocational reeducation* 

The tr^d of opinion in Stance has been more axid more toward beginning 
vocational training as early as possible in the convalescent period. Some 
authorities have been led to this opinion by their belief in the curative 
power of useful worlc; others tlirough their desire to induce a greater propor¬ 
tion of disabled to tahe up reeducation# While a man is still in the hos¬ 
pital, it is relatively easy to influence him to tahe up some form of training, 
but once he has returned to his family it is hard to place before him the argu¬ 
ments which might turn him to it and to counteract the demoralizing effects 
of idleness. 

in Prance tl:© boarding school system is generally considered to give 
the best resxilts, and has been adopted in all the larger schools. expense 

is not greater than for the day school, inasmuch as maintenance during tiie 
period of training must in any case be provided, and the psychological influences 


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- 10 - 


are nnicli setter* Biaabied soldiers needing retraining are in the majority 
of oases deeply discoiiraged men, who readily fall a Tictira to the bad influ¬ 
ences of town. Even isrhen pupils at a day sciujol are housed by some aid 
society, in a special boarding house,tihey can not be loept under the sao^ sur- 
veillance as at a boarding school* Their attendance at classes is liljsiy to 
become irregular or to dwindle to nothing before their couaroe is finished# 

Men who live with their families in tl^ s-me terwn as the school, however, often 
mahe excellent records as day sciiolars# 

When men are placed as apprentices aith private employers, they encounter 
the same temptations in their living coMitions as the pupils at a day scliOoX 
and are even less subject to good influence* Furtiarmore, they may not re¬ 
ceive good instruction. It taloes the exceptional employer or foreman so to 
arrange an apprentice's worfe that he will leam all the steps in a trade in a 
reasonable length of time. Too often an apprentice is considered simply as 
another hand, cheap labor, to be used for all he is worth. 

The question as to what trades should be taught has been largely decided 
by the fact that from 65 to 75 percent of trie "mutiles” are from the villages 
and farms of the provinces. The importance of returning tl^ese men to their 
hoiaes and of resistiHii rather tian of encouraging the movement cityward has 
led most of the schools to teach the sliaple village trades of shoe-making, 
tailoring, carpentering, saddlery, and tinsmithing. Of these shoemaking is 
the most popular with the peasants^ the shoen^king classes everywhere are so 
large that one wanders Ikm the coimtryside will ever use so many cobblers# 

With a mastery of one of these trades-f men who are convinced tliat thwir maimed 
or crippled condition will prevent them from wrestiiag a livelihood from the 


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- 11 - 


land can still be indepencLent in their native village, Ebey can set up their 
shop ill their own house and use their sp^e time to raise a few vegetables or 

A 

to cultivate a few grapes# 

It often happens that men viho apply for training have no idea of wiat 
they want to do, and tiat the school laust practically male© tli© decision for 
them. In order to direct tiisia wisely, French reeducation experts iiave worked 
out certain principles, which are valid, they believe, in the jmjority of 
cases. In the first place, any advice given a woiasded man about the choice 
of a trad^^ should be based on a careful e 2 S 2 ,mination of his physical and mental 
capacities# ITnere should be considered not only the nature of his disability 
but also his general health, his native intelligence, and his schooling. He 
should then be directed to some kind of work within his capacity, somethiiag in 
wiiieh his efficiency will not be seriously; reduced by his handicap. Sliia 
work should be if possible connected with his foamier trade, so that he can 
reap some advantage from his previous knowledge and experience# if the 

process is (juite different, he can learn more easily if he is familiar with 
tiie matei'ials or has handled similar tools. French authorities do not believe 
that one can lay down any hard and fast rules as to what disabilities are com¬ 
patible with the different trades. 'fhey have found tliat too much depei^s on 
the individual’s determination and perseverande and on his nattnral in^^nuity 
in adapting himself to his disability to make such a classification possible# 

Disabled men who have taken a course of training are easily placed by 
the school in good positions. In fact the reports of the schools usually show 
that they have a great many more demands from anployers than i;hsy can fill# 

But the overwhelming proportion of discharged soldiers who liave not formed any 


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- 12 - 


conoeetion with reeditcational centres, laOess they can go back to their old 
posit ions« axe obliged to aiply for work throtigh private and poblic employ¬ 
ment agencies* In oxder to facilitate the replacing in industry of 
discharged from the array, the Minister of War established a central Plaoement 
Bureau in Burls with branches in each of the twenty-one military regions of 
France* Shis idacamsnt service has since been merged with the '*fiational Office 
for Disabled and Discharged Soldiers*** 

All the agencies engaged in the work male an effort to return men to their 
home distriots, and when possible to their eld trades* When they encounter 
cases impossible to plane without iretraining,they urge these men to enter a trade 
wchool* In the matter of wages there has been generally accepted the prin¬ 
ciple of equal pay for equal work* 

A texrieney on the part of es^loyeirs to discriminate against disabled sol¬ 
diers on account of the resulting Increased cost of workeen's compensation has 
been overe^ae by a law passed November 25, 1916* This law provides that the 
additional compensatisn cost shall be met by a tax on industrial conodms and 
insurance agencies* Since this tax is leried on all concerns regardless of 
whether tl^y eaplc^ disabled men or not, there is no longer any reqson for an 
es^loyer to discriminate against war cripples on the ground of the greater in¬ 
surance ria3c« 


QBSMA87* 

The reconstruction institutions in dezraany have usually been organised 
and operated through the cooperation of state authorities, municipal adminis¬ 
trations, and irivate charitable imsidties* One of the most interesting 


cii) VO 0. .r 

a£;.i??Tf for;£ i)c?a-;Vi^tT ^Q‘'' v'.l'jtqxi <■’c*" iie^U4o -‘t^i'. ^i:‘..'ioi<.0^ 

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■13- 


4ixa2aplw of a reodacational lastitute ostal>ll 0 bod luiier sxwh joint ansplces 
is the Tervandetenachule at Dasseldorf • At this school the disabled sol¬ 
diers are giTen the special industrial training required to enable them to 
return to a status of independence and self-support. 

Where necessary an allow^ce is paid to the cripple’s dependent family 
until he is once more earning ?»ag8s« Sren when that time comes he still re- 

oelwes his pension as a disabled soldier. The |ay he may come to eazn does 
not change the amount of his pension, which is determined by the seriousness 
of his disability. Heither is the fact that he is recdiring a pension per¬ 
mitted to influence an employer to uzderpay him* It is the business of the 
@aployoent committee to see that war cripples axe paid just what they earn - 
no more, no less. ^ 

The wor& of the vocaticmal guidance cos^niittee, particularly of those mem¬ 
bers who act as friendly advisers to the wounded men, is of primaiy importance, 
©ley come into contact with the cozaradescent just at the time when discourage¬ 
ment registers liighest and ambition lowest* The voeational adviser starts 
a course of will-training by making friends with the patient and persuading him 
to talk of his past life and of stwh pl^s as he may have thou^t of for the 
futm^e. Where he was a tradeworksr he can usually be interested afresh In 
his trade* A man who has given up all Idea of ever woifclng again as a machinist 
cheers up considerably upon learning that by taking a course in mechanical en¬ 
gineering at the Verwundetenschule he can step into his old ihop as foreman* 

AT«i if formerly the cripple was an unskilled laborer ho may get a now grip on 
aabition on being convinced that the wages and happier interests of a crafts¬ 
man are within reach. Attendance at the school is wholly voluntary and so is 




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- 14 - 


the choice of future occupation, hut the vocational adrieers try to get each 
man to laake use of his fiorsoer experience rather than to turn unnecessarily to 
a strange field* 

Courses are given fcnr aetal vorlsers, aecbanioal engineers, telegraphers, 
electricians, carpenters, cahinet*^nalfer3 and wood-worl»rs, workers in the 
building trades, locksmiths, sculptors, stone-cutters, paper-hangers and 
plasterers, printers, photographers and etchers, boolshindsrs, cardboard and 
leather so lasers, dental mechanics, ihrmers, minor goYemment en^loyees* 
stenographers ai^ office isorlLers* 0!he trades-ocurses prepare for the master- 
workers* examinations udiich can be takjon at the Pusseldorf Boa^ ef Srade* 
fine spent at the scheol counts as time spent as a journeyman's a^prenticd. 
Examination fees hare been waived for war cripples. 

It is wonderful, according to the directors of the school, in how short 
a time an almost helpless can become effioiwit* A course of five weelse 
in hand-training can give him a handwriting which is said to be free and char¬ 
acteristic. In this course, one-ar:^d a^n are tau^t by one-armed men. By 
the use of special drawirg-boards and instruamnts, crippled pupils can compete 
with n(»iaal draftsa»n. 5!he work of thv mechanic is so varied that no matter 
what a man*s injury he can be fitted In soaewhere. If he can m longer be 
used in the shop he is tfaiaed as a superviajr or makes use of previous expsr- 
ience in one of the atoinistrative departments. Many injured metal-workers 
take vp their trade as draftsmen, She courses In mechanics, physics, electrical 
engineering, and drafting prepare for ihese positions, and the madhine-s^p 
gives him practice which it would be hard for a cripple to obtain in a factory. 


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-15- 


It is not hard to place the isoiaaded soldier who ms fornierl;.^ a printer or 
photographer. in the classes for aen of the graphic trades are type-setters, 
conpoeitors aaad lithographic printers, proof-readers, poster artists and 
teachers of hoolc-decomtion • Some of these, after curative esercises hare 
fouzid that they could go on with what they were doing before the war. Che 
crippled painter need not feel that he is debarred from ladders and scaffolds. 
Skill in the use of prostheees will give seme men almost as much freedom of 
movement as before. lien %lth internal injuries, after taking a course in 
bookkeeping, can find positions as stock raar^gers, using all their previous 
knowledge of painting. Bxperience in training wounded wooobrorkers for posi¬ 
tions shows that it will be pimsibXe to place practically every student. One- 
armed men car aen with paralysed aimis and hands can be used as polishers and 
Stainers or can be prepared for places as draftsmen, designers, foreii^n, or 
clerical workers for a workshop. 

Wounded soldiers who have had experience on railroads or in the postail 
or telegraph service are usually taught telegraphy, along with the composition, 
arithmetie and geography that an operator needs to make him efficient* And 
vdiil© a man is Ideming the practical technic of operating, he is also study¬ 
ing the theory of eleetrieity and electro-magnetism and faailiarijsing himself 
with batteries, circuits and the nature of the Morse instruments. The train¬ 
ing of a dental nechanle includes the fundamentals of xhysics and chemistry, 
human anatomy, and physiolc^, special attention being given to the structure 
of the mouth cavity. A study is made of the technic of India rubber, porce¬ 
lain and me tall of repair work and of dental apparatus. With theoretical in¬ 
struction goes training in the processes of dental moohanics. Tisits are 
made to ixmtrument factories and to dental laboratories. The course covers 


V 


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a period of nine months# 

Of coarse , Gterraai^ has a back-to-the^land laoveiaenfc for woimdod soldiers# 
With the cooperation of the Department of Agricultirre, farm settlements for 
war cripples have already been started and are being managed by land companies# 
All that the wounded soldier has to do, once he has satisfied the authorities 
that his place is on a farm, is to report with his wife and family at the 
settlement to which he is assigned# ffiie company will have allotted him the 
use of as a^ny acres as the authorities decide that he can cultivate* It will 
build him a house and outbuildings anl will have made arrang^ents for market¬ 
ing his produce along with tliat of the rest of the community. If he has 
capital, he laay own his own place, or he may purchase it as soon as he is able* 

Of the occupations which may be carried on at home, small farming is per¬ 
haps the happiest and most profitable for the cripple# Its interests azid 
physical activities are varied ai^ may be adapted to ^oh man^s capacity. And 
the farmer*s market Is inevitable - it is created by public need and not by pub¬ 
lic syi^thy# Tim heme industries which at present offer some real chance of 
a livelilKJod are knitting, weaving, wood-carting, basketry (including the making 
of wiclser furniture), knotting work, and metal-working. Bat la every one of 
these crafts the crippledfS^orker needs protection against imder-paymaut# He 
Should be provided with a market, prices should be adjusted for him, and, above 
all, he should be taught how to make articles which people will really want# 

CAHADA# 

Canada had even less to build upon than the mother country, but she 


attacked the problem with ycmthful western vigor, and has worked out a system 
which seeiiB to be adapted to her needs. Although the Canadian Espeditionary 


0 ~ Ijf?/")-';! C'.. •' 10 '^ ;. v T'- Z>£!:.^J~;J■ —Csi ...'iv- , .‘XjJ -■ 

iv- ! 6'. Vo iiC.w..‘: vOo 


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•17 


Forcil was not in tlje field as oarly as the English sLud althoii^ the 

early stages of treatiaent of Canadian wonnded laost of necessity tai^s place 
across the ocean, so that tlieir presence was not felt at home as an inspira¬ 
tion and goad to action, Canada anticipated ©agland in sefreral steps 
progress, and has the distinction of beiiag the first country dxoept Belginm 
to organize the vocational training of disabled soldiers on a national basis, 
under a central authority* 

With the best intentions to provide in advance of the need, Canada was 
nevertheless practically laeeting an emergency situation for the first year or 
two at least, and it was only ta the spring of 1918 that ^idmt promises to be 
the definitive formi of administration finall^^ appeared, She Canadian system 
has therefore grown out of experience, and is a genuine heme product, even 
though in some features it is similar to that of aigland and other coxntries. 

Bsnsions, until Jime , 1916, were adnainistered imder the military author¬ 
ities, by the Canadian Pensions and Claims Board, sitting in Euglmid* On the 
initiative of this Board a Pension Gossnission (legally Known as the Board of 
Pension Commissioners), independent of the military authorities, was estab¬ 
lished in Jime , 1916, at the same time as a general increase in the pension 
rates . (Phe commission consists of three wen, appointed by the Ccvernor in 
Council,for a tern of ten years. Originally it was placed under the Minister 
of Prance , but on Ihe creation of the Bepartment of Soldiers* Civil Beestab- 
lishment, in March, 1916, it was transferred to tdiat bramch of the government* 
By far the most inroortant factor in the C^iadiaa system of provision for dis¬ 
abled men has been the Military Hospitals OoBsaission, an the Department of 
Soldiers* Civil Reestablishment* Until March, 1918, it was responsible for 
the disabled soldiers from the time of their arrival in Canada until they were 


X 


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-18- 


dischai^d, with or without a pensioai; and after discharge wl^a they were 
adjudged in need of reeducation for a now occupation. Since ti» recent re- 
orgaiization, it retail® responslhllity for their welfare after discharge 
from the military forces, including medical care of those who need long-ooh- 
tinued treatment, as well as for the vocational work and assistance in find¬ 
ing OTploymont, and also for the educational features of the treatments in 
hospitals hefore discharge* 

A proposal was mde in Ifaiy, 1915, that a commission Of well known i»blic 
men be formed to handle the returning stream, fhis led to the establisiaaent 
of the civilian agency later Mown as the Military Hospitals Commission. Tta 
body was created by an order in council dated June 30, 1915 iP.G* Mo* 1640) 
which provided «that a commission, hereafter to be terned the ^Hospital Oonsnis- 
sion*, be appointed to-deal with the provision of hospital accomodations and 
convalescent homes in OanacU;, for officers and men of the Canadian Expedition¬ 
ary Force who return invalided from the front.** The werk of the commission at 
the time cf its greatest scope, just before the reorganization e£ 1918. includ¬ 
ed (1) the reception and olassificaticai of the men at the port of disembarka¬ 
tion, togetlier with provision of clothing and transportation for whoso who were 
iBsaediately discharged; (E) medical care and treatment for aU wl® needed it; 
which was the great majority of all; (3) vocational twaining and general instruc¬ 
tion, both in the convalescent hospitals, for its therapeutic and econcmiic and 
cultural value, and also after discharge, .in selected cases, to prepare men for 
new occupations; i4) assistance in finding work upon discharge, through the 
provincial ooiamittees forced for the purpose and the local subcosmittees organ- 
, ized uaier them in many places. 




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oi-s'lsKl &-1.- X .:- to ■;^irui,«t (B) ;XX. '.to t. i 

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- CV Ci-X-'T iti iaB;id , 



-19- 


In tJie woirds tlsa regalafcionss deteriBined 

lay tiie disability of tiio applieaat witbonfc reforonce to bis oocupation prior 
to enlistment*’. fa# psnsioa scboiae is based on tbe tdaeory tbat tbe state 
bas a right to the citizen’s services and that be brings to the state a sotmd mind 
and a healthy body; if b® is disabled in i^anrice of tbe state be bas a 
right to compensation fOr tbe degree of disability suffered, but not for tbe dif¬ 
ference wbicb it Biay make to bis indiridml incoiBe becsu^ Gi tbe effect on bis 
ability to foUoe bis former eoeupatloa* Srofiti^ by the experieme of 
European eorntries, tbe original regulations of dune #, 1916, unequiTocally 
stated that "Ho dedusticm shall be made from the amount awarded to any pensioner 
owing to bis haring undertai^n woric or perfected hissself in some form of ia4 
dustry.” 

i^^.h TOATt is "paraded singly" before a liedlc^al Board of three officers, 
wliicb examines bJjs carefully in tbe li^t of bis j^lish records, and reclassi¬ 
fies if necessary* fbis elsssificationvbf returned soldiers is as fol¬ 
lows: 

Class It Mexi who, tbcfugb unfit for carerseas service, are able t© resume 
their previous occupation in civilian life, er's^io are suffering from a disability 
not due to nor aggravated by their service; candidates for immediate discharge 
without pension. 

Class lit mn whose condition may be benefited by further uedical treat¬ 
ment or sanitorium care. 

Class III* Men are suffering from a permanent disability wbicb would 
not be benefited by further treatment; candidates for Immediate discharge with 


pension. 


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- 20 - 


It was anticipated in advance that the blind would be a serious prob¬ 
lem, but fcartunately the nunfoer of tliose who are totally blind is very s/aall* 
There haTe been less than fifty reported to April, 1918, HKJt near2^ so many 
as were produced^ In a few moments by tte explosion in the harbor of iialifax# 
Expectations in regard to tuberculosis had to be revised in the opposite direc¬ 
tion* It was not anticipated that there would be a large nanfter, and it was 
thought that they could be tatoea care of in existing sanitoria. A very 

moderate azaount of investigation, however, soon revealed that the existing 
institutions were not even able to provide for the ordimry needs of the 
civilian population, while on the other hand the advance estimates of the 
number of oases which might 1:^ exi:>ect©a among the troops -mre soon found to 
be far below the reality. The reason for both miscalciilations was probab]^ 
the same - hasty or inefficient medical exhisinatioas or an unduly liberal 
standard for acceptance on the part of the ^Eaminsrs of recruits. 

The insane are hept under observation for a while, and then, if it appears 
that prolonged treatn^nt will be necessary cr that tliey are i^bably incumblo^ 
tlsey are sent to hospitals in their own province- At one time it was tliought 
timt it might be advi^ble to establish special homes for the returned soldiers 
whoso minds had been affected in service, but the opinicm prevailed that, Tsdiile 
sepjarate institutions are needed for cames cf sl^ll shoclc, tJie best Interest of 
the insane can be served by not regarding the® ”as a class apart” but by caring 
for tifiin at the expense of the federal gorenmmt in x^rovinciai institutions 
under the same conditions as fellow citisens similarly affldoted- 

Amputations have been less numerous than, cases of tuberculosis. The 
total miH&er to March 1, 1918, was 1,E30, of whom 80i were still under care. 


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- 21 - 


More than twice as laany legs are lost as arms (arm®, 574; legs 856), as 
Is also the experience of other countries* The first stages of the treat¬ 
ment of as^tations, of course, toolc place in France and Ei^land, 'bttt the 
greater part, if not all, of the functional reeducation most be given in 
the coiiralescent hospitals in Canada, and airtifical limbs are supplied 
ordinarily in Canada. 

Canada, as has been mentioned above, has put liie vocational training 
of disabled soldiers under a central authority, On a national basis; and 
slie has been fortunate in securlug for this wrls the services of sorje of 
the men wljo are H«3st expeti^iced in technical education. 2?he subject was 
talcen up very early by the Military Hospitals Commission, brought to their 
notice by the evident need of the men in the convalescent hospitals for oc¬ 
cupation. ”Ho precedents were avadlable for the reports which had been 
obtained about the worK started in France ”did not appear to fit the situa¬ 
tion in Canada.** It speedily developed that it was an individual problem 
in every case and that they could not establish any set of regulations, for 
instame, as to the hind of trade for which a man suffering from a certain 
disability was to bo trained; that they should have to take every individual 
case and study it in the light of the man’s whole nature and of the opportun¬ 
ities he had had and of the remaining possibilities in him* 

The first classes established in the hospitals were in subjects of gen¬ 
eral iiiterest, not strictly vocational, btt such as would give the men an op¬ 
portunity to brush up their general education or leam sonething new and keep 
then pleasantly occupied/ While th» educational work in the hospitals is 
provided by the Invalided Soldiers* GonMission, nevertheless its primary 
Ob j00# is therapeutic; and while the vocational officer is in charge of the 


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- 22 * 


man for his vocational training from the mc^ient h© arrives at the |iospital 
in Canada, it is the hospital doctors who are responsihlo for indicating the 
Mnd of work which will he best for his jiaysical condition* ilthon^ the 
work in tlie hospitals is part of the dail^ rontine of the patients» prescribod 
as an eleiaent in treatment^ ’by the mllitaiy tnedioal*©ffioers in chargo, to lim- 
ber up wtiffened lauscles and joints and to stimlat© confidenc® aM initiative 
in depressed and slnggish minds , it is nevertheless not authority and compalsicai 
that is relied upon to attract and retain the cooperation of the men, btit their 
own intex^st* 5h© man is still a soldier, under military disolpline, but in. 
the classroom there is the ordinary illation of teacliter and pupil, without any 
military flavor, and this has been found entirely satisfactc 3 ry» An impOTtaai 
element in rousing and maintaining a fnromble attitxade on the lart of the ^1- 
dier-*pupils is tlie vcKsational advisdr# He meets thi^i as soon astthey arrive 
at the hospital, develop in thorn confldonce th^t they can overeojt© their dis«» 
abilities and ambition to the most of every opportunity, so that the 
teachers, when they get them In class, have little difficulty in holding their 
interest if they themselves know their business* 

Hesponsibility foP ^pXoyment , as for education, has always boon considered 
a matter for the provinces, ratiier than for the Dominion Government• lEhe pirorin- 

cial c(»nmittees, appointed under a variety ctf appellations, are nccr unifcn’mly 
known as the ‘^loturned Soldier Oomtalsslon”, with the name of the p?@vince pre^-^i. 
fixed. Local coimaittees have been formed under the® in many places* The^assist 
able-bodied returned soldiers, as well as disabled, and thus far their task has 
been light, because of the great demand for labor. 

Placement of the men who are reeducated, houever, as it has naturally worked 


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out^ is arranged in pi’actically every case by tha district vocational of¬ 
ficer. It is Ms duty, obviously, to be reasonably sure when bo roconanends 
a course of training for a man that there will be opportunities for his em¬ 
ployment in that occupation whan he lias c<»frpleted his training, and frequently 
the man stays as an employe in the establishiaent where he receives his training* 

The essencG of the Invalided Soldiers* Coranission’s theory abcmt the selec¬ 
tion of an occupation for a disabled man is that it is in every case an individ¬ 
ual problem. On the basis of their personal knowledge of the applicant, the 
-Disabled Soldiers* Training Board talks the %hole sitiiation over with the man 
hinself, in a very informal and human way, and dndeavors to get at a decision 
which will be piacticabla and agreeable for the present and profitable for the 
future. A necessary preliminary to patting a policy of ’'shop training' in¬ 
to operation Is to Icnow Just where to find the opportunities* For this purpose 
the coHBaission has undertaken a systematic survey of industries all over the 
Dominion - a survey from the point of view of possibilities of training. la 
each industry an analysis is mde of the different occupations; the work in 
each one is carefully described, the general conditions, the positive piiysical 
requi 2 ?ssients for the position, the rate of pay, chance for advancement and 
steady employment, the ammmt and nature of training needed to acquire sMll, 
the attitude of the superintendent or foreman, and other details wiiich put the 
vocational officer in position to know, whai ho is considering a particMar 
man, whetiier he has, in spite of his disability, the essential qualifications 
for succeeding in this particular occupation. 

Tbs superior influence cf the man who has himself been “over the top” and 
wounded is recognised all along the line through the vocational work. Prac¬ 
tically all the “counselors” who interview the men in the hospital are retxamed 


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-24- 


soldiers, Aiiotiier eleiaeut wiiicii the Osjiadiazi OonimissioK esffphasizes is the 
desii’ability of a civilian atmosphere in the class-rooms and at all stages of 
the vocational worls:* It was found that when the teacher was in raaiforn! the^^ 
was iiiovitably a certain amount of reserve on the part of the soldiers, them¬ 
selves also still in uniform, and a perpetuation oT the militar^r relationship, 
and this is out of harmony with the Canadian theory that it is better for men 
wlio are about to return to civil life to be surrounded as fas- as possible with 
conditions such as they will fiina in the every-day world. 

miA.. 

At Bombay, India.,, is one of the most picturesque schools in the world. 

It is Imown as ^^ueen Mary’s 'Technical School for disabled indian Soldiers, and 
was founded throng the efforts of Lady Willingdon, wife of the Governor of 
Bombay. Soldiers of the Indian Army, of all ranhs and classes, who have been 
disabled in action or pensioned for any reason as unfit for military service, 
are offered a course of instruction sis months or longer in duration. Evei^- 
thing that the disabled man needs is supplied at Queen Mary’s School. He 
provided with clothes, bedding, axid fool during his entire training period; 
he is given a return railway ticket and ti^eling expenses if he comes from a 
distance, and very often, after he has completed his course, he is supplied 
free with a set of tools for his trade. Sach man is perniitted the choice of 
the trade timt he wishes to pursue. 

Besides poultry farming and agriculture, classes have been started in 
tailoring , motor car driving and motor juechaiiics, Imitting, carpentering, 
cinema operating, oil engine driving, fitting and turning, and elementary en¬ 
gineering. A machine shop is constructed with the following machinery for 



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-25- 


instructional ijurposes; ti^tal latlBS* wood lathes, drills, ant making and 
holt msfeing machines, brass fonndiy, tin box making plant, copgriag lathes 
for making handles Of every description, dovetailing machine for making am¬ 
munition boxes, electric motors, etc. 

The Committee in cliarge of the training ’uses the follcssring general plan 
for the placement of trained mnt m Bombay and other industrial centres, 
in workshops and factories; as tailors in regiments, and in the arrqy clothing 
departmeid;; as chauffeurs in the mechanical transport ser^'ice; as turners, 
fitters, machineaiBn, engine drivers, and aoBmanition boxmaiters in the government 
doclsyard, ordnance factories, and arsenals. 

There are at the present tinte about 200 men in the school# A nuoaher have 
received diploims for oil engine driving, motor oar driving, andotijsr trades, 
and einployigent has been secured for them at salaries ranging from twenty to 
one hundred rupees a month (^6*40 to ^3). The value of such a earn of money 
must be estimated on the basis that the average man in the school can live 
easily on twenty rupees or ’f5*40 a month. Upon completion of his coui*se, he 
is likely to receive a &xmll sum f^m tlm sale of some piece of work tiiat he 
has made during his training period# Trie disabled i 2 an*£ pension continues, 
of coiarse, regardless of his salary. Artificaal limbs are provided for 
cripples at one of the hospitals in Bombay, while in iioipitals at Behra, Bun, 
and Mussoori®, electrical and massage treateaeats are given for disabled men. 

In addition to the employment departnient of the <iueen Technioal School, 

there have been formed at the various centres in Ii^ia,bureaus that take care 
of the problem of placing disabled men in suitable employment. The school is 
under the patronage of the King and ^ueen of Englai^, and is maintaii^d by a 



£,'$ J~r. .alXilb S:oo~ uav: U-in:^itoiPttt:;:t 

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monthly wahscriptlon from the Women* s Branch of the Bomibay Presidency War 
and Relief Pund» by snbstantial donations from the Western India Tinrf Club« 
and the Boiabay Biresidency Branch of the Imperial Indian Relief Fond. 



CEAPm XXL 


OF - social mb scokcmio msoss. 

A great is^tus lias been giren to the :iGfa3r8ioal and mental rehabiXita- 
tion of the ylotims of industrial accidents within the past twenty years* 

The slogan "Safety First” has effected a yery material decrease in the nomber 
of casualties in recent years, but nevertheless the constructive work of aid¬ 
ing the handicapped cripple, although in the ^abryo at the outbreak of the 
World War, fomed the neucleus out of which have developed cezamendable results. 
It is known that the cripple, thoo^ handicapped and prevented fries participat¬ 
ing in certain occx^tfitions, can nevertheless, notwithstanding his disability, 
be made to be self-supporting by specialised training* 

The intensive developaent of industrial activity was closely related to 
the increased percentage of disability, and the situation was viow^ with 
alarm as thousands of workmen, crippled to a mors or less serious degree, either 
became wards of the state or were left to survive as best they eculd* Trade 
schools for ^^he reeducation of the crippled victims of industrial accidents 
were founded, notably in Belgium and France, as absolution of this problem . 

The industrial econcm^y of these countries was greatly benefited, for gradual^ 
tlm depleted supply of skilled labor was ins reased and steady employment was 
assured, thereby resulting in a more stable and less expensive turnover of 
labor. 

V The outbreak of the war resulted in a sudden and extensive separation of 
abld-bodied asn from their civilian occupations, and in order that replacement 
might be forthcoming, old men, women, and even children, were pressed into in¬ 
dustry. national necessity demanded that no potential productivity sl»uld be 




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c>.?G jO jU^c'X^^'Juc e^;f o ;.'::fe^ lu di^.x: ?.i.' ^ « :yu 

tx«fj5cx; ol’C^'V’O.^ ««' r- xii5£-),'-? lo :t:vO 44-/r^i5sy.’Ojrf v>i1j J^tf^ o'^i: ,'^£,^^ M'I'Ok 
- ijaiiisL?*:::;<X VD-Sij fc- rtSiOitf^ci yl 

aid au‘ , ^ rrj*^I^^l,in:erfm ffs.o ^&fjse^J,j^^ D€C- fdcj^joc cl 't+:l 

-• "^.'i :gif<’i^^* e4 od e^sav 

t)- i?' Xx^r^?r,*rlSii GT£-.n€»:f-li XT 

cii^. i}6v?o,t v G-i:'-( .-:• xis/xox- Lcx> , ^r-. &‘?u::Xaoo':i:c^ csci aff? 

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axii0*itof>.x 1^ ;.‘i^5rX»trL Ic iKSlcOiv o^lX lo e?;3.. 

, ir aX^rci.; ai yi lo noirXrlya eo , iJiti i-::.!, ioi ,.x •j;AUj;^cix , O'to?: 

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'iv 'lyyvotctcc s^vist-orir'i eoGl dri* {sXt:!.-?.-;; x: cl -^lii jli.,aa^£ .Is'ixggs 

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dfi!dXT^<xyit5-&^ -JoO'My xs?: lx ■• ^?Liiot-;e3:tf::CL> ft^,kTJ.vto zi^dj' oo>. LiC;£i;od'~Nl<fr 
X roi^toivT faT(^v7 .ixyniiXiao n-3i»'> , 7 ^ 0 ^ . c«&< MO ,ri :j‘:'0*’>.%;'1c-• jd 


- 28 - 


neglected, haziee, SKJti’fed by both national gratitude and national econonjy, 
the rehabilitation of the physically disabled was reritaliaed. First Franco, 
then England, Qermany, Canada and Italy projected plans and carried them in¬ 
to operation at the very outset of the war. lEhe plan and execution of the 
program as undertalsen by various comitries has already been discussed. It 
is sufficient at this point to indicate that the recessity for speedy and ef¬ 
ficient action was appreciated by all the belligerent powers, and under either 
public or private auspices, more or less Ratifying results were attained* 

The tri^lning of these physical]^ handicapped maa in an effort to enable 
them to overcome their disabilities, tlms making th®a econcmiically self-suffi¬ 
cient citizens, rather than total or partial social charges, is, aside from 
its hTsaanitarian aspects, salvaging, on a tremendous scale, our economic waste 
in its most insidious form. The civil war veterans ordinarily received a 
1^11 pension wliich might have been discontihsed had they been made independent 
by Government assistance through, a short course of training, and the compara¬ 
tively large amount of money spent on them at one time my safely be estimated 
to be less than that which has been paid to date over a period of years. Fur- 
thermtae, they would not only be independent of Government assistance, but 
would be content and happy, and v/ould have long since ceased to be paiasites, 
inadvertently sapping the vitals from the othexwise health^ orgaaism of state* 
The experience of European countries in providing curative work fior those 
men convalescing in hospitals was assimilated by hmorica upon her entrance into 
the World War* The primary purpose of »ach work is to hasten the p^sical 
and mental functlcming restoration of the disabled and sick soldiers. Curative 
effects aie of two kinds - specific and general* in many cases the activity 


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haa a direct therapeutic effect upcsa the difiKibillty* For exarsple, stiff 
joints aiai wealsened arusoles are made to function hy exorcise on a typewriter, 
on treddle and crank machines, basket making , carring* gardening, etc. 

Erratic juid weak hearts are strengthened and steadied by regulated ©xereise. 

In other cases the therapeutic effect is more general but ir*oa© the less vsl- 
uahle. 5?h© disability is such that exercise camast reach it directly, but 
the general inprowsiaent and physical ton© will sthsolate all bodily process 
and hasten recovery. 

The therapeutic effect of any activity depends alasost directly upon its 
appeal to the man, upon the degree to which it enlists his interest and ef¬ 
fort# To the extent that it engroeses hia attention, occupies him con^letely, 
and calls forth his best cooperation, it will bring forgetfulness of disability, 
give hope instead of despair, and hr^rove the chances for full fonotional 
restoration * In some cases the activity farthest reimwed from the man’s 
ordinary vocation will present the strongest and most haaediate appeal. With 
most men, during the time of greatest weakness, perhaps while still confinsd 
to the wards, the occ^Qsations wliich ale merely diversional and without exact¬ 
ing staidards, will present the greatest appeal. Other wen will b© most 
interested in things which have an £^peal because of thsir future usefulness. 
Modt men, as their strength returns, will turn away from the merely momentary 
diversional occiQjations, to those which have more promise for future uaefol- 
ness. m man should be allowed to continue any trivial ternary emplo^maent 
when soiethii^ more useful and likely to call out greater effort can be pro¬ 
vided. For most men, than, the things litely to be useful will make the 
greatest appeal, and hence exert the greatest curative effect# 


It is this 




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rissofe^ :^lx.L( .: IXa x£x'^ ons^ ,C";u.t5s\,'^r XiC- Xi/iw-.f^o, r:^--;: 

ni^-xs. XLto&’xiA j?ig> I& Tgis?. 'io o ti^nen^^zLO’^ i c*:'^ 

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a^wTit iroit i>ovG££^^ , ^uivldc/ - i s?,.. o?ko^ tii . I 

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-30- 


tlaat inafeee vocational edizcation so valuable an a^goncy in restoring losn 
to flill physical and f^nnctional aotivity* She various agencies used exert 
therapeutic value because they give usesful knowledge and skill, which appeal 
to the men as weU worth idiilo* 

The work,of restoration oarinet be started too soon,, for then the veteran 
will not gain the idea that he is iaamme from work, or that patriotism 
should be so, conspromised as to plaoe unon itself a prejaium by offering hia a 
CGQgenial (Jovemment position in which he can leaf cemfortabiy for the re¬ 
mainder of his life# In conversing with a group of convalescents it 
will he noted that these men represent, quite fairly, the young aien of the 
Ihiited States# ■ ■ They come from all seotioms. of the country, zwi^^senting 
many naticnalltiss, with all varieties of social Inharltance and industrial 
ejqperiehce# Whatever is true of American young men verily is true of these 
men. The majority of them have only a limited conmon school ed\acatioa and 
an alarming number can neither read nor write English. lany earmot even 
speak English, though all have more or less understanding of tiie spoken word# 
Mental tests have shewn a surprising number of men who rank veiy low in the 
scale of general intelligence# The future of such men presents perplexing 
problems. 

The question has frequently arisen as to the place of gej»ral education 
in the scheme of reiiabilitation. General education has a pl»e in t'ne train¬ 
ing course for many men because the degree of education which they had at the 
time of disablement does not provide a sufficient fouzdation to permit of 
vocational training for an occupation which can be followed to advantage by 
the man# For eza/nple, for maoy reaaons, one of the most difficult cases of 

rehabilitation is that of the illiterate man who had, prior to his discharge^ 


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strength as his greatest asset in the general labor market* If 
this asset be remoTSd by accident or disease« he suffers frtwa a double 
handicap - illiteracy and lack of skill . He must compete with the sldlled 
worker in the general labor market and his ability to compete with others 
has been r^iioved because of his disability. 


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-32- 


CH4PTBH IT. 

THE nJETIT^lBIiE PE3VSSTBD OUTLOOK ON LIES * SFfBOTS OF SSVIROH- 
ME!NT AND 7ARISJ) BXFERIMCIS ON MIND LIFE AND SXEROISE OF THE WILU* 

It has altogether too trequentX^ in the past “been regarded as aa 
anfoptaaate, inevitable circtBastanoe tliat the crippled maaa was loolasd upon 
as a derelict in society, to be pitied and maintained, but to whom construc¬ 
tive assist acKSO should not be esitended. Tlie result has been tliat iie 
esj) 0 UBed a life of idleness and dependence* a ccnseouence, general de¬ 

moralisation set in and it is mfortimate, but in imiuiaerabi© instances al¬ 
together too true, that the adult cripple ms indolent, intemperate^, and 
of manners which excluded him from decent society* 

It will be well to recount a few experiences of the disabled veteran 
prior to discharge from tlie military service and return to a convalescent 
hospital at home • Throu^^out one, two or perhaps more years, his life has 
been a direct ccntract to that of the civilian, The steadying influanoe of 
the home ani family has been lacking, • The strenuous life in the open was 
not conducive to Introspectioni there was ever absent the necessity for pro¬ 
viding himeelf with the aeans of sustenaaoe; under the mndates of military 
discipline he became an autoaatan, and as a conseqiuence he threw aside the 
mntle of responsibility. The Medical Corps took him in hand after his in¬ 
jury and the best availabls facilities were provided to alleviate his 
affliction and. unburden his mind# .iuite true, the latter was the proper 
course and absolutely necessary, but as a conseiuence, his initiative 
sense social responsibility were further stunted, said the problem of re¬ 
adjustment return to civil life became all the rno'se complicated* 


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-33- 


Itt his altog©ther too fipeqxjent nioiaents of reflection there hovers 
before his mind’s oy© the plctmre: "Mens sana in coi*pore sano". Stolid 
and moody, he conjures up in his raiM a frightful spectacle; it is himself. 
ytaat be become a mendicant or a vendor of novelties? ITo longer can he 
step about in a care-free manner, for he imagines the world is pitted 
against him. Self-consciousness renders his every act unnatural. He 
lapses into extreme discouragement and initiatiro completely passes away. 

It would be despicable not to aid him in his plight SympUhetic 
and efficient medical o jre should be augmented by a painstaking effort to 
resets him from this lethargy. He must be shown that with cooperation 
on his part, his earning power and his worth to society can be nmde to 
oompare favorably with his previous civilian status. As be recovers his 
health he must bo made to feel that he still has a place anxmg men and that 
initiative and ambition will place him there if he will exert a full 
measure of determination and concentrated effort. IPh© wounded soldier 
should be encoia’^jd, first to exercise an imagination which begets productive 
discontent and develop the habit of s^ing far b^ond what is, to wiiat 
might bc| secondly to develop confidence and hope which alone will produce 
a willingness to venture; for human life is so full of latent possibilities 
that whoever explores with a trained, alert mind will make discoveries sub¬ 
jectively impossible to the cynic; thirdly, to analyse every available eco¬ 
nomic and social resource and thus increase his opportmities for givlig and 
getting life’s highest values. 

Disabled m&n are apt to be despondent and despondency will, in every 
case. seriously interfere with, if it does not prevent, physical restoration 
and are-establishment in employment. John Halsworthy of the British Mlnistiy 


:rorJo^-x'l' *x i’O adni^aosj ^rtevrv ^yt^ oov T'Dtf?;ta%,<?/^--JEc cM isl 

rii i^x i s fsRiis: 4ftxC ixi ‘:^ ^ xhm'm X--&S 

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bm ■ml'iri'^i '*st r'«?,Mirif7^.oq:qrp iBiEi o«i5o*Jv^X 03*seeii'3'x XisX s^ Jti5« cli»^on 

. «^<stiX 

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igicraiixXI! fnii to ^^TictrsI^eD la^cl. Ai hm. 


-34- 


Minifestry of Pensions, says regarding this subjec:t; 

"Kestoration worthy of that woid will only con^ if the ?ainds 
of all engaged in the sacred wcrlc are always fixed on this central 
truth; ♦Body and spirit are dneztricably conjoined; to heal one 
without the other is impossible.* If a man’s mind, courage nrn^ 
interest bo enlisted In the cause of his own salvation, healing 
goes on aj^e, the sufferer is remade* If not, mo more surgical 
wonders, no cai^ful nursing, will avail to make a man of him again. 
Therefore, I ’.Tould say, from the monent he enters the hospital, look 
after his mind aaid liis will* give him food, nourish him In subtle 
ways; increase that nourishment as his steength increases. {Jive him 
interest in his future; light a star for him to fix his eyes on. So 
that when he steps out of the hospital, you shall not hare to begin 
to train one who, for months perhaps, has been living mind-less and 
will-less, the life of a half-dead creature.” 

The instance is cited of a man who lost both hands and both legs while 
still quite young, and notwithstanding this handicap iie climbed up to be a 
bank president. He took particular deliglit in saying; ”I feel sorry for 
a cripple and thank God tlmt I am not a cripple. A man raay be worth tl{X),000 
a year from his neck up and ?;orth oxily |l.50 per week from his neck down.# 

In other words, being ’’disabled" is only a temporaiy state. A man is disabled 
in the early days while the Doctor is helping to cure him. Being "crippled# 
is not a permanent state. A man is crippled only to that extent to which ha 
allows his physical handicap to keep him down. If he ceases to be an economic 
factor in society - an earning, seiving unit - he is a cripple. But if, in 
spite of his handicap, he oireroomes his diiability, trains himself for work. 




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-36- 


CHAPTER ¥• 

A EBSIMB OP LSCISLATIOH M EFFaST - ESPOSITICST OF TiBIOUS 

KBtDS OP fRAlHINO - iU^IWEMEHTS OP mE HBTITSD STATES HI 

COPING WITH THIS QUESTION. 

SSj© ri^t and privilege of the dibbled Boldier, sailor or inarin© 
to appl^ for Tomtional rehabilitation is establislied in various legisla¬ 
tive aets passed by Congress. It has been the eaperieiio© of' several of 
our disabled men that their applioations for rehabilitations were not 
handled in the most expeditious manner and as a result much criticism, 
both on the part of private individuals and the press of the country, has 
been heard. Government b^eaucratio administration has, as a general 
rule, the handling and solution of more vast problems -Sian over comd within 
the scope of private auspices. A few ccmstiuctive si^gestions have been 
offered to in.3ect more ^usiness-lltoe procedure in the execution of Govern¬ 
ment business, and to this end it has been said that less attention should 
be given to the details. It is obvious that those wtio sponsor such a 
measure have but at best a superficial knowledge of the taslc at hand. 

After all, fair judgment cannot be rendered on esush'' individual case unless 
every detail is toaown and co-related with every other factor, be it great 
or small. 

Justice is a virtue by which ©very man renders to the other what justly 
belongs to him. This implies, of course, the right of the Goveran^nt to 
protect itself against imposters who might, consciously or otherwise, dupe 
thOTiselves into believing that they had what constituted a just claim for 
compensation and rehabilitation. Experience in the worE of rehabilitation 




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niiix i - iifX’.o 'Suva aL;;.. ai^X'Haxo 6 cm:’io r?ci4?fX;:c. ^■tXa ir' ax.w .uIl-x 

:-'-0'i' .vx.: svxioii-xHunoa wo'i -^. *io e^vc-os 

-iiTevof) Ho rxo.co ..oa;:x ..:"4 :;x aJCii'-rS'U'rxi^ir?? j^cr- bouM''.-: os X'-aieflo 

Mar'ic tioiii-ijs^js €001 o/jd c)£ et cs jx€ .s&o.iiiiX'd’ ^iTow 

r ; uxnv ^oiii-trro os.7 lostjtr 4£^iJ arroiVo 'U tS .oltii^asi 3 ^ 4 o4 iraviv; 

jj: '-.sxxt e: 4 Ho es^xxvOiCi leioi'-vraciR: : 4ocif 4 t^vvj- crrxox oGi 

jo;-5Xx?r‘' oax.r £''''01 vi.rnx •'aro-.ic'x. xjGX'w,-■-■(ot $(1 irtrri'^b t'^on-.'-j-rfr^ 'lij'’*: .II,.:: 
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,X£xinr: '£© 

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-37- 


Jiad 1)0011 4 ^atly lacking by the Ihiited States prior to her entrance into 
the war on April 7, 1917 and the pro ress made in this work by belligeront 
conutrles necessarily was wantiaag in organization. Iharefore thoed who 
wonH minimize the efforts and results obtained by the Governcient in an 
endearor to care for its disabled men^ should reflect upon tlie ^ortiity 
of the task, and if they are really assiduous to see the greatest good 
done, it would be well for tl^m to realize that destructive criticism tends only 
to tear down, but that any particle of advice or constructive suggestion from 
each interested citizen will hasten and fortify subsequent legislation and 
Judicial action. Inasmuch as the (government has received comparatively 
little of the latter assistance, it will be well at this point to review such 
legislation as has been passed, v^ith the end in view of solving the problem 
of rehabilitating these disabled soldiers, sailors and marines. 

"When the war ended, Ifovmber 11, 1918, there were tiireo agencies to 
deal with the disabled veterans - the Bureau of ^ar Eisk Insurance, which 
had charge of disabled compensation and ins^trax^ce, tlie Federal Board for 
Tocational Mucation, and the Public Health Service, wnich was in charge 
of hospitalization. It was not long before it was discovered that this 
divided responsibility, made for inefficiency, and, as a result of an agita¬ 
tion for the ccaisolids,tion of the War Hisk Bureau and thB Federal Board, 
the Sweet Bill was passed, creating the feterans Bureau, and placing rehabil¬ 
itation T insurance and compensation work under one hand. Further progress 
tow'ard tlie attainment of the best results is seen in the recent executive 
order signed by President Haidlne April 29, 1922. This order transferred 
to the Veterans Bure.m from the Pablio Health Service, 57 hospitals now In 




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jO 4ii;«c**s £ i 5 & ,ibUK. . of»<r .^dxTZ'fi-ixtc^s^TC fcgJbivxl) 

,iwfi 0 i l£ii 0 b 0 QSiS biSk ujisri^S 'xcw 9x14 *19 flr>iitsl-.!I-58i»>o -sot aol^ 

'^niokiJ Jbfjx 9 X 4 o eaw IXifi ^^oasst. 0 ^*^ 

eg9^,©r-r 'Is^oUjH ,b&i^£i a;ro *i4Xv3Xi ccu.-.^ifocr^oo Xr.? zoKk^z^siti , 

OvIts^xo Xo>oe^ aci^ fll ui ajli^9r''u3^ ©Tw lo ;^m 2 ai?la?i£ eil^ jbiE^iOu 

«Xi:X* .""^X Xl*rxA :r.^tf39*xy: ijtf fsdix^v loino 

«1 ^oe oI-’S^'>©oi£ T5 ^&oivisii rjXx'?^ oXIdis^ a^^^ r^ .^sirfi aiseT:?!^©7 ©iiJ cj 


-36- 


opei^ion, oae purveyiijg depot, and 9 hospitals imder constrcietloii. 

Acuities', property and equijaient were transferred vdth the hos¬ 
pitals, and the conmissioned pearsaanel of the Public Health Service 
for these ho^itals was detailed by the Si^rgeon Seneral to the Teterans 
Bnrem, Ifeace, the entire responsibility for compensation, hospital¬ 
ization and education of disabled veterans d? the World War is now under 
one head, the Director df the Teterans Burean,Charles H. Forties, 

^0 discharged soldier, sailor r marine who appli^ for vocations^ 
rehabilitation under the vocational rehabilitation act is treated thron^- 
out by the Federal Board for Tocational Training as a civilian needing 
vice and assistance; his choice of an occupation is ax^sroved unless, after 
careful consideration, souni opinion shows it to be in the end not advis- 
ablei he is trained to meet the needs of the occupation be has elected; 
he is urged to maJs the most of his opportunities; to overcome his handicap 
by taMng the best available instruction; lie is assisted in securing desir¬ 
able permanent ©nployment when his training under section 2 of the Vocational 
fiehabilitation Act is completed; and he is followed up after he goed^ to wor^ 
until it is assured that hisseaployiaent is satisfactory, ’ 

Under Section 2 of the Vocational Behabilitation Act aa amended My 11, 
1919, "every person enlisted, enrolled, drafted, inducted or appointed in the 
military onnaval forces of the United S ates, excluding meadiers of training 
camps, autnoriaed by lar, who, since April 7, 1917, has resigned or has been 
discharged or furloughed therefrom under favorable conditions, having a dis¬ 
ability incurred, inoreased, or aggravated while a member of such forces, or 
later developing a disability tra<»able, in the opinion of the Board, to ser¬ 
vice with such farces, and who, in the opinion of the Fedeiul board for Voca- 




Ci 'i . 


iil ^:i Xcd vru-^S J't;.; ^:itJ 

“'::;a" j/i i''J tv yj.>- # .•!.'-iO*-'? i-. 

»i.' i:jj ',:?5 f)li azsx ya Xcin:':-i>'^^ I ;>ti3 

: "i ? J■; U -' J '&’lV'X 0 p llOC', '! X X/X .•X'lx>^^^50 ??-'*> '.U.-:--t or. 'J ■£-'•••■ 

'.o. v-Jij:ir?i>£.r^^s-'‘X , ©Ofr^ ,JcP. C^X-X-.l 

'rSs^xax -.-: *' r.f o/.^ % IS’X'XJ.XX ' -B.;:. ’3;v;.Xu.-';iCiir::.{> fX;^} ffOl:)t:.:x 

.; 5 Q^’fc'~- •"“ H‘5Lr-'i'vC,,fc. O’ixri- a.-'..‘is-^x> Ofl^ S.C ..ij'.v'ik-, i -^i C 

Xdi-it i:$:i:o<b ''t *xo'': .xj-XXC'^^i' Q'.'^X' o„:fri':,j. 'i "z-: ,■_c i.3:v/i-.--4-:.Ki .cj,> O'-a 
-i:V'J^O'X^ 5 Xt J ai ox ''t-'.iV .-^ i .£' X;^'3*1 X<—i?" 0 <'»' r>i_*> OO*. iS fff’,ta'*'7-i--i ---■ C-• 

vtri::xe^ii raxiiX'vio ii^.r:oi;^> cc"- lO'; ^ x.^ 

'zi.d:yx‘- , eaUXitx.' f.>cvo'':-f:;'r. xtal ..4ii?^000 ;:a. "^.v oolyXc ai > i-.'ai Qo^v 

f^dT' ^l.zxo g iioly^x :y ‘ j" 03 /toxi. 
}f;S>:i06l3 saix ixox f>‘)v ac? iiOeo^x JOvX- Xsa?.. .t; *x^ xa. >.)». «vx-: 

;>y i>-Ti a 1 ' t>i' a'C'’’i'r>^x? Gv : ;i^.Lw ircr '^‘'‘.xo."io «'>oc.- Ciid G.-.x'fi' g 5 a- Sia. 

iu i) 3 >la?oas 3^ uxoi^oi^T-f&xfx ^uxd-d- \io 

X.riiGi;r-:f^O" 0 irX tc £ ^r&i*ar-e TOartr- 'i,iixr-X:- ;*i!£j<<5^cjrx-.;. j Gife 

x£*ii>z q;f« x I ^ ;£i\jixl-xmo >d vO^x ixcu Jxxx-ixla'xi.-gii 

■ .'w-rQda-c‘x£i^«^ ?'i cfx;i:«iirrcX(iX:'eoBi(.:i -.X XivOJi 

, Ci ■’'ir;' *;o/.ir:6?ax XJS '^?'' xauX irfxx.co. Xx-fx lixjoc^/ ri^xx ..o '' x£ol-o?'^ 'fO’i-.j 

n.1 XxxXidrcyx. "O ^e.l.I>^>‘^ 1^0 ,.oc;aGvI:-a 

■'-ixl'rxi.'*x;? ''r a’X"'<-r--«'■' - nd.^xX^r-^' , sv.'o.' ', aeo-UXG a-.ir.^' 'iU .jcxrtc’x I.t.’yrrn.'xo. ^1.6.!' 

XX:©€*'^» '.' 'i'' .X'Oi^.X'*. C-X*! <, :SS I Vi?X , V -LX'r’^iX j-,CiJX3 ._ Xa. ». ^-'■. ^ X'Ova -C-. jX^T- 

.'^u-iH:^co a£o..-iCv^.x x>r:xx.. S'^o^xono: ^ GQ/t;?;iOi'x;\f ‘xo- i)’-3‘£xjrc& U 
, rjaC’-CC^ r'-'j-'.-i, 1.C> ‘Xf-i'' iOfli. f.j C'Xlr .' X^Ovr''\-.'i -iA', *X0 .j. v^u'iix-XXj 

w,_»r’! 0 -^ w" ' C' j-.r £."' ‘^.G fl; .... x’'-'':-”X ■ 'Xw j 4. . "J / V'A a A ^jvi"*- jGa;^V 8 J!^ ^ 6 'ii.a. 


tional Staining, is in need of vocation^ rehabilitation, to overcome the 
handicap of siacii disability , shall be furnished by the said Board, where 
vocational reliabilitation is feasible, antoh course of vocational rehabil¬ 
itation as the Board sh^l prescribe aaid provide#" 

^hiil© in traiain^^* under section 2 of tlje law, a trainee is usually- 
entitled to supx)«rt and maintenance of the Veterans Bureau for both himself 
and his dependents* Supp<nrt and maintenance allowance will be p^id direct¬ 
ly to him* The amounts so payable are prescribed in that part of Section 
2 of the VcE ational Rehabilitation Act which reads as follO'.vss 

"Every person electing to follow such a coarse of vocational 
rehabilitation shall, while following the same, be paid montlily. 
by said Board from the appropriation hereinafter provided, such 
sum as, in the judgment of the said Boa id, is necessary for his 
maintenance and support, and for the maintenance and support of 
persons dependent upon him, if any; provided, ho\^ver, that in no 
event shall the sum so paid such person vdxile pursuing such course, 
be more than y60 per month for a single man without dependents, or 
for a man with dependents, §100 per month plus the several sums pre¬ 
scribed as family allo-®onca under section 204 and Article li of the 
War Bisk Insurance Act," 

Hence, -whether he is in training at an educational institution, on a 
farm, or in an office or factory, where he is beii^ tiuiiied on the job, there 
is provided for him an allowance for the maintenaiice and supi)ort-of himseff 
and his dependents together with all his school expenses such as tuition, 
laboratory fees, and boolcs. 

Hhder Section III of tiie Vocational ReJiabilitation Aet, it is provided 


L.:’^ fji ■ ‘j Cw X.uioiiX l .•i'C-.'-a nt s.* , 

' '.'--■I .i j '•„ 9^10 0 f i O'U ^ ■•' ; i L . ~ ~,.hXh /;jx--r ,■ '.j - 

S':, 'lO oE^iXfco s’- iioXrk ; 

•V,9i>iv<^‘?.^'' te? XX. wa X'lS’on od:> ijx-. , 0... 

., -i i- ,^£-1 rrolil'&^s 'mX.au :x£s-t;xii„;'S3 iiX a.' 

flJoc roX £...t/£..r tiXi^rraSov o.::^ ♦£ oc.-^.-r.4;r££is Xi'- X'iO''::;5-(3 


-Xd' liX v,?;, il cw .ij;>TS3r.t)XX£i ear.'-rr^>!-frjs.«?. sri- vtTOc^fsii 


iiij *'■.'si.S tiiii 


.ao.w w-r.. 'tc i’liSCi 3£:a.» ai iXjtft*xoeB*s^,: oXoV^v^-r; os £ 5£i:;-30.C5>,o^iX 

rv .vileX S' ?, f.'vaa. '£..7 ,7a' na|.; e? oY 5i1d’ le S 

iw,,i>ov 'iO ©5 ;:iii. 3 .7, 7'v> 

, u scT , w^sr ori,j ..*<i ©I-.'^..- ,iXv. :n 

,i>oj[>£vr'irf -at a.sci ijoX‘S£‘<>^ '<.<j 

'ioX '^.'iceTisO’Jj^' sJ: ,.Y:.r£-" Xi: r arj "to ;7;issK:'\t.v? c/3 kX 
£0 Jaoq.;(ira inz.'-- ^^j.r 7r:'ta‘: ; ;-;'s -fc 'i--" , 1 'v 9*;i-/xc7fcj«xi.trr. 

oa aX X^- a.; O'^-^rij;:; ^ Jb.v^^X'gX'£ ,■ /X sXr; Xfwa Xr-^r^tX 8fic^-ax 

, y8'iX'oc i'Viss, <-3ai9.; i a.;. ri - v?e x s w IX"; ^'.ove 

■ix , aX0aU'T;:qea Xj-,;.% . X;vuC x.. -cfiTCir; rtq J'J-. r:.-'X ud 

~ul', si vc i-ivvs’ 073 ::7X. XJIx^C- - 'x>‘., X-CI. , ? o3r.v 




OuJ 0 11 oXo.iSix Xao XOx £v I3o©: 


eci'X'":cXJ'>' xIi:fix;X 'u oo<i. 


£ iiu X - c,. a .'x3 :X. ••!; i ■. ,xa.:9~ 

•i'-XJ ^c'oi, ex(j ?TC .beai-:-:^r-9a b£ oil -oioo.. ■^c oox'-^o ro :u ac 

YlijL \:hl "Te :t'irx;;*tra 37r<-; 2<il 'IC'J. aX/ii.=7--Oil.,. r:x. oi .■ -XO., aX 

w' w i.i.3 .l.C.--" i.f'i/X.i.... . 4 *,.^ - £ .0 v’ ,4 vH. ^£^4&X 1 I •StiXSi 

..^i-.OeX , i. <^XO‘X£>X 


-4t- 


*that the ooxirse of Toeational r©liai)ilitati 0 a proridod for xoador the Act 
ehall^ as far as practioahle* aiid imdsr suoh coiiditiom as the Board any 
prescrihe* he loadd aEralXahle witl^izt eost for instruction, for the hen©- 
fit of an^ person isSoq is disabled under oizcumstances entitling him, after 
discharge fmm the ailitary or naval forces of the United States, to com¬ 
pensation tmder Article III of the said War Eish Insurance Act, and who is 
not included in Section Z hereof," 

fo give effect to the law it is necessary to take the following steps 
in each cases 

Cl) fo estahlish wl»t^er the disabled peison is eligible unier tl» law 
for vocational rehabilitation; 

iZ\ fo establish whether he is eligible for vocational rehabilitation 
ttT»f?A T* secticm Z or under section 3 of the Tocationhl Eehabilitation Act; 

C3) fo dotersiliSB the occupation for which he is to be trained; 

C4) ^ Oet^mise the 8s»>unt and nature of the trainis^g to be given and 
laaike arrangements nroessary to provide it* 

(5) fo place the man in suitable enployaeat at c®Bpletlon of trainii^, 
undeir section Z of the Act* 

Cd) fo Jew in touch with such persons uatH assured that they are sat¬ 
isfactorily eapK^ed. 

fo determine eligibili^ for training uncter Section E of the Tooational 
Eehabilitation Act, the disabled man will be found to (|ualify if he can meet 
the foUowiag conditions for vocational rehabilitation! 

(a) Hie fflttst hate been separated fr®a the military or naval forces ot the 
Ihiited States under honorable ciaaditions since April f, 1917; 

(b) He must have disabill^ that was incurred, increased, or aggravated 




^O-r- u.^i:-^iiliLi-.-j.{ifi Xiiijcii: o<'V 'r.o 33tJ/ct ix^'S jfr'v'* 

XlgS .O-'ic w^* Oilit :;o ■■,•:’ 'i&*;.uiii ^ ^^IcV.-OuLsiCiS’^-.v ‘j.vt ^:-. jXi-;' -iJ 

"Xi'';. ^ J'vSr-:' Os&iSC- ^*i' j,'s;fl'£iDx.<ir‘'i- 

,iEX^ ;iXi...idiio i?t r. i <?(£',,■ it<:}>-:,’jg^ ’^ni'-. ‘itj ji:l: 

t,; t¥iv,*. 'co fik^tiAzzib 

'A OX^W iit;; 0C---r'XXjr,;r:.A '^f. .V .. i.CE ac^*^ 2II sXci^fi, p'ci: Vi’4..xC».{ 

t'vtoyiisl S ffr;i*;OX-- iri ti&hs.;'.o£il. ^oi: 

oX-, , :^',v«irc't ^n.i oiT ^'a^s.ici^ea «j: ix :;iw >^0?:^%© evl,; o2: 

dosa /xx 

)fXEi !--.'■ vt fu; -^i ii©3^o^' fcsi,»:<.c^^iX •ftiffioitv £rf>>gee c^T (X) 

♦rxoXvT /.Xi:«-i.i-fyi I'.'-r.oiw'■,£.■ c’'*' •X'jI’ 

XXCj. ^«.- [,j_it^ r;,VoCV cld‘i-.j;.I; ci. ’Jvi.d 0 C-. w' AitlXl (>?v {S ) 


e^rf e.< ' 

Y dOX Vr -0'=; 

acXi.v'i 

!.; uoc exi.? 

'.•Hii: 'i<>: dI; 

Gi 

f .-■ i 

i / 

ii.rV'tXi &d ox y? 

Lt 7.0 «‘f Xi:xf 

•ftri... i, 

/jxcm Sn^ 

dx 

<Si: 

# '■, ‘‘ 
t 3 / 


.ii a 


0\j Y'i* tr: ■ 


w 


t^^fiLr-is^-xs' ' c ffvUXi5X;fa£>C' is 

Xf.-CkV^'Oiz^.^'ry 

•0 j'tx 

df. c OC/'i:';' 

oY 

i^) 


» Cf '?: : ^ d C -': ItO .1 vi' O "iii ‘X'*-> 'c 

V *.?; •c.ii: '.jtt.: j f?’xL;v xioxioi rrx ■Lraa^ o'd (u) 

vi-i'XO:!'cxix‘3i 

Id a f^oixoed viitfidL, -ij fod ;^,£Xe 

DOid i3^<5 S-'’ ix iUT/TOd GC Ijtx^£‘ i^---.' ’’Ol'-.f. iiJtX ?fiX , XCi.-*' ^•''t.«' X? 

: •£<]>;-i?*x j-;x>v "icd; c.iDi>;FXi>r cf/ ^^-'Y- 

J do B^.S'XOx X;;%rUi -iS :.©a iryiid :V,'-i-. Xsjiv; 


;‘s'Xi£ V' Ilxi*;. OD/ixi; 


'uu aci.x -; ■ X>&d trX! 


-41- 


while a raen&er of aoch forces, or tMt is traoeabi©, ia tiie opiaion of tlie 
Board, to servica witli saoa forces. 

(c) ills disability aaist, ia tii© opinion of the Federal Boara, lae of suoli 
a nature as to ca'ose liim to be in need of vocational rexjabilitation to over- 
ofxoQ tliu handicap of such disauility. 

(d) His piiysical and inental condition must be such as to maiifi vooatioml 
rehab il it at ion liossibl e. 

!I!he disabled veteran who, for at least a tOBBporary period, has been 
assTcirded c ompensat ion by the Bureau of War Rish Insuiance, or who ms dis¬ 
abled under circumstances entitling him to compensation, if not in receipt 
of ccMpei^ation, but his disability, in the opinion of the Boaofd, is not 
svjch as to maJsB him eligible for vocational rehabilitation under section Z 
of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, as amended July 11, 1919 - if such 
disabled veteran desires to claim the benefits available under section 3 
of the Vocatiorial Rehabilitation ict, as amended July 11, 1919, the Federal 
Board will pay for his instruction and the usual expenses incidental thereto. 
It cannot, however, under the l£W, provide for mintenance and support of 
such persons or their dependents. 

fhe 3weet Bill, approved August 9, 1921, ©stablisiied the Veterans* 

BxtreaxL by the consolidation of the War Risk Insurance Bureau and the Fedei^ 
Board for Vocational Education. Section I of this Act reads in part as 
follows; 

"There is established an independent bureau under the iresident, 

to be imGwn as tlie Veterans* Bureau, the director of which shall be 




tcii;. 'vO , t^i lai'v-thSi iO a a. ixii c aC ~ -M trr. 

■'•' ': , i.&^a tfci'Xw t-3- .injeol' 

dgim '^e -rw ;>si4* \q liCjLitzqo u£i« <a, axii (r,) 

'•'S^jvc irJZt)J.0'..A>O''ir ':-0 ^O-Qi’. ai itf os r^Uti oao^o OJ ?:*.■ £, 

jHojja ...uj ty.oo 

. -- 9 , ‘ - ■ 

X^i!iC;Xd- 6 !ftov lai'xiT. otf a£$ ftcf rc-XX^Siitfatiu ir'i.. aXU (.&/ 

*4''Xai'«€ii>q fiOite'ti .i'as.'le'A 

* '^f'- »- . 

, ^ dtSi^sX -is •tc* ,ci>« &f>l: 

-Sii -iew ixtMj to iSiXi- S'JxJ \&<f 0 

;jgi^£» 0 t dj: i/v££ 'ii * sioX JEf>aivi; 0 »T‘ oS SL-lri -;>^3sXSJ:Sni: 01 xo toUrcj 

^OiX «il tiitJ-O, I'C iJ-Ci/iX-'X i-MfJ ££i ■ \S i {.X*il'f^.iP r'ld SSi^ . . XLTO^^ ^0 

is> MO-Li-Q-O-^ IvaX-Xf" x'3'i;?X,3-t I.. ti,X':ii)t 9' '2X}?' ?Ki.<d2'*illsi C.'l fiJS *.Cb"/l?, 

CXJ'X 0^ f Sl> .'iC i^iXi X4tT0i i?xi..'C' V oi-ivt xo 

^ ’X^i.. so. V;;' .l, XO ci 3*?<. 

,€x?x ,XX .jOc- ricx7‘:x‘!:Ii^■’:s■^"'•■i Xx^.o.tJxxeV- * 3 ,:^ Jc 

U'/^xtmXnml Xr^iac >rlt i, II?.?/joisoa 

^0 %»-i-C A5f£5 'X£>x ^»iit'; v'-t;! 19T€li’X’Q/i ,'.t3>«:TP^0 -fl 

♦ C X^.'Xfi/IorroJj '■l^-: :<_ tc jjCSR^ 

*«a/nS'Xfc'; •■ 0x^7 i>9.'.-£lXd,:t5jfv , i^ixX . ^? XoVct'^cr^ . d;>S;X f:i;7 

fclU; SDi-aXSC(i£l TiSX^i. !;:>?<’ OTSt^ *lo nOX X It;!?!: «7?L 0 

s& £tt dc-’ 3 I ..0 'io I iioiXootU .ffc-Ku\'’io’/jt-o " tol ^<.w;C'"• 

, ftTw *2®DXiii' (^*XO/>7JQ^OXX2i U* g? 

■ ^ IX^' n£.i>{w to togO0t£<I uiS acf o? 


-42- 


appointed by tli© Pfesldexit, by and wlbh th.a adbrdce and consent 
of the Senate y Ehe Director of the Teterans* Bureau shall re- 
oelTo a salary of #10,000 per annum, payable monthly, 

^Ehe poTwra and duties pertaining to the office of the Direc¬ 
tor of the Biareau of War Biaflfe Insurance, now is the Treasury De¬ 
partment, are hereby transferred to the Director of the Veterans 
Bureau, subject to the general direction of the President, and the 
said office of the Director of the Bureau of War Bish Insurance is 
hereby abolished#^ 

Seetion f of this same act is hero cpioted In fulls 

»»The beneficiaries of the Bureau of War Bisk Insurance and 
the Behabilitation Division of the Federal Board for Vocational 
Mucation shall hereafter be the beneficiaries of the Veterans 
Bisreau and complete individual record of each beneficiary shall 
be kept by the Veterans Bureau, 

The Executive order signed by President Harding April 29, 1922, is 
based upon Section 9 of this Act. It provides in part thati 

»In the event that there is not sufficient Garemment hospi¬ 
tal and other facilities for the proper medical care and treatment 
of bexwfioiaxries under this Act, and the Director deems it x^es- 
sary airi. advisable to seeure additional GiovemBient facilities, he 
may, within the limits of appropriations made for carrying out the 
provi8i<ms of this paiagra;^, and with the asaroval of the Presi¬ 
dent, Snprove or extend existing governmental facilities, or acquire 
additional facilities by purchase or otherwise. Such new property 


hru.-' t(u: yjc ,. ;?iycl^c^a*r-. itc: jj:.coqtjAJ 

i MJ.Si'lii iwu.'^ ^iiV v'^^-i SiXJ C D' '‘a-£ iJ ©' V dCf’Ai'0'r- y/iit 'j‘0 

OOO^CIv '^'C 5.'6y'X^o 

e'iX ';■ c. i5s?.r,r^f c- -.v'^J uJ stilXyl’ J?ic:?: S'txj.^c'v tfc'i'i: 

Q"';? rjf ^oit . ©oj/a jssi^i *i;^.: Xo is^:->-::ti -H? *icX 

^’I0i055*£iiv oj ,^..:e'^*XX^T 

s.iw Jbscs , :^' &.*•*■ .r<;,:,xX'-nans^; ’ 0 «:iX q;# toxt,r;iX'£ , r;;;:;:'iix! 

«z src-'^.fsitsi.' t. ' 'Ijj xv.s:-^x 2 Offw 'to ai'U ^ ‘5C-?t5o J&XiC 

■ ,„, ., '’.i>i%‘i>3 2i‘0i'f5 'T'dtQ’zori 

t'.‘. Xci'.X'X v'Xyi'T H;* i’Oa?. $ra<v4i e^.' w' jO V xtoc^' 
K{£.d;iQ£ii .h.nLl fx.! Ic' X’.&f>.i>'.''"x Xo ^S*'' 

-:» •. .ri-iv.-c^ Xod^j Zd nLi«xTl<i jffoi>g ' • I; ' 
au' 'iv .i ocli:y'130 o# x I,i/^Ke xiXiO'.-; 

XXxxfo <Tx^ioi:3ccx53ci ■ •sc^oe’^ rc-'^'o^ 

,-eii-aOv o ' '>'X To" 'J.-Oti aX 


w aU ‘.. v- '•. 4. r 

„ "X;* ’I'lrS'V :j.4x>:::,'i,x; ' 

’“•V 


;*r • 'svf ■*•.'. r -.-y'* 

• r-^U . w t. r. - •- > A -'• • V '^•'. .. iJ ' •.. 


X'.,.,;^ ixl x;?axv^'i- 



'>(■> 0 itixcioo'- ;-.r-;:r jbo 

,* •. . • ' -f, 

- - *-i W ^ V V. 

';oai-a2> viSft 

: vl 

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OCX icX*' 

'jA>.v«'ti O’"! j 

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•or it 

«,- y.’- 

A V , 

-.,_ *\} ..f-i Ow * ^r*..« w X-iti- j,K:i 


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^'3: fir 1. 


a: . XaIXo-vV Xi;tjs.;x.iy/Ci: Xx:.i;oi o^xhooi- c': ol-'v.y r/i- of^o ■^•rxr: 

uiiX i.T;C ^;?i.i-il .-xfj Vi:ri 

XO nJ'XVi^ax ccdJ 10 

V:,. . I yxl tf:x'>: i=f'.;(ia : ‘i-i;::o X^x'vixs ‘rr . Jr-oX? 

v^i^t iioyyX ,0'. .-fo '»x;'a*xjxi: 


-43- 


and stjructiires as mss^ be so jlmprsved^ astmided^ or aoquirad shall 
become part of the permanent equlpraenfe of the Veterans Bureau or 
of some one Department, Hary Department, interior Deparfesient, 

^easury Department, the Hational Homes for Disabled Volunteer Sol¬ 
diers, in such a eay as will best serre the present emergency, taite- 
ing into consideration the futiare serrioes to be rendered the veter¬ 
ans of the World War, including the benB^ioiaries under this let* 

in the event Government hospital faeilities and other facilities 
are not thus available or are not sufficient, the director may con¬ 
tract with State, mxmioipal, or private hospitals for such medical, 
surgical, and hospital services and supplies as may be roqulred, and 
suoh ccntracts may be made for a period of not eseeeding five years 
and may be for the use of a ward or other hospital Unit or on such 
other basis as may be in the best interest of the beneficiaries under 
this 'Act. 

2^36 £i*esident is hereby authorised, should he deem it necessaxy 
and advisable for the proper medical care and treatment of benefioiarie s 
xtnder this let, to transfer to the Dixeetor the opez^tion,mamigement, 
and control of specifically designated hospitals now under the jurls- 
dietion of the Public Health Service* Such hospitals when transferred 
shall be used exolusivoly for beneficiaries under this let and shall be 
under tbs operative eontrol of the Director for suoh period of time as 
the President may prescribe#*• 

Before discussing tl» two principal types of training. Institutional and 
aaployasnt, it will be well to consider, briefly, what Is meant by training,* 
especially what is mant by employment training as distinguished froa insti- 


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-44- 


tutional training* 5!he llTiitations, possibilities and values of ©aoh 
type of training must be carefully defined with refereuse to the individual 
rather than to specific groups of individuals. 

Whether it be for physical^ mnnal, or mental development, training is 
definitely recognized instruction in the things pertaining to the purpo^ 
for which it is tmdertaken* It impli^, as a matter of course, coi^tent 
instructors. It implies furtber, organization of the work so that the 
right kind of material is presented at the right time and only in such quan¬ 
tity as the person can readily assimilate. fhe physical and mental powers 
of the per3^ ssist be developed gradually, to nieet the requirements of the 
training program. Consequently, vocational training involves three things: 
first, the purpose for wiilch the training is undertaken; it is ooiaaonly 
kno^m as the ^ob objective, and is set up in order that training may effi¬ 
ciently lead to some definite goal; second, an instructor who ^ould be fully 
qualified by knowledge which has been gained by practical experience and impart¬ 
ed by him in a systematic and intelligent mamser; third, an outline of in¬ 
formation T^hioh should include such items as are agreed upon by all parties 
concerned, as being necessary to equip the individual so that he 11 be able 
to give satisfaction in his work. In this outline the units should be 
arranged in progressive steps from the easiest to the most difficult. 

She term employment training or placement training has been interpreted 
in various ways, and more discussion of these interpretations is necessary. 

in the first place, the word "training" in the phrase "employment training" 
implies tiiat those things which are necesscury to any training as described 
above, are included. in the second place, the word "enjoyment", in the 




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- 46 ' 


jtorasQ ’*empl037Bient tpainiBg" signifies tlat the training is to he given 
xmdar actual emplo,ya©it conditions# 3 ?h©se oo^itions couoaonly iaply the 
relationship of employer to employee, whether wages are paid or not, hut 
in some oases the conditions may be those of independent employment. This, 
in all oases , clearly implies that the trainee is in ea^loyment, and that 
his contribution to such employment is of seme iianediate coramarcial or in¬ 
dustrial value. Upon his contribution to the business in which he is be¬ 
ing trained, upon the part he plays, and upon the ability he’ displays, de¬ 
pends, in some degree Ms maintenance, and the maintenance of his dependexu;e* 
Where the relationsMp is that of employer to employee, this relationship 
naturally implies that as an employee he is respoiaiible for rendering suffi¬ 
cient servied, and shasriag sufficient interest in his Job to warrant his be¬ 
ing retained and advanced. The employer has full authority to discharge the 
Tiywi in case his service and interest do not prbve satisfactory and is under 
obligation to ekdreise that authority, giving the period of "notice** 

of discharge. It will be advisable, however, for the employer to notify 
those who have been Instrumantal in placing the trainee in order that other 
arrangements msy be made* 

Where it id a ca^ of independent employment it is evident that lade of 
service or interest will result in financial loss, which, in itself, is evi¬ 
dence that other arrangements as to Job objective or training, or both, are 
probably necessary. 

It may be pointed out that singly plaoii^ a person under conditions of 
employment to the end that he my become fitted for a definite Job or position, 
does not necessarily constituto ea^loyaent training « If no definite arrange¬ 
ment is made to procure precisely the training required to qualify Mm for the 


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- 46 - 


Jol) or position contemplated# or if no precisian, for guidance or super¬ 
vision to assist him in acquiring the necessary knowledge and skill# or 
if# in a word, the tminse is left to ao^xiire this knowledge and skill by 
chance, the whole arrangement lacks the element of trainings It is en^ 
ployment but not employment training* 

aaploymeait training, then, lilies at least two conditionsj first, 
eii^ioy»^t ©itiier in the rtlatiar^ip of ^apioyee to employer, whether or 
not wages aie paid, car as an independent worker on one*s own account; and, 
second, opportunity to acquire such ka^owledge and dcill as may be essential 
for efficiency in the job or position selected as the objective* 
second conditi<ai In^lies armnging for instruction by a specialist in the 
given line, and the preparation of a progressive program or outline of in¬ 
struction in fall detail. Ba^loyment training probably offers, in the 
majority of cases, the best method of acquiring added manipulative skill. 

It will further be found that in the mjoril^r of cases, the best resxilts 
will be obtained by returning these disabled men at least partially, to 
regular employment with as little delay as possible in order that the habit 
of work may not be broken and that readjustment in new environment may be 
established with as little loss of time as possible. 

Contact with employment conditions may be maintained even when it is 
fcaritf'hecessary to introduce institutional training by introducing it on a 
part-time basis, or at least with employiaent conditions outside the actual 
time devoted to institutional training. Bsployment training gives the 
man greater dexterity under actual working conditions and in Qnvdroimsat 

be familiar in order to succeed in employment* In addi- 


with which he mast 


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- 47 - 


tion to this he will probably have earning capacity while in training 
which may materially assist him in completing his training witluout worry, 
especially if he has otliers dependent upon him. It is true, also, of 
this type of training, that the informt ion which the person acquires will 
be necessary as to his success on the Job. Shis type of training is 
especially advantageous in that it naturally i^rges into employment because 
the conditions under which it is arranged usually presuppose affiplo3Wnt of 
tl^ trainee by the concern givii^ the training. 

Institutional training is eoiamonly parovided in schools but such train¬ 
ing need not necessarily be carried on in an ediscaticsial institution. It 
may be provided in an industrial plant or it may be given by a private tutor# 
Here again, as in the case of en^lc^nnent training# the use of the word 
"training** implies that tiiose things which are necessary to any training 
have been given full consideration. institutioml training implies the ez- 
, istencs of the relationship of studdnt to instructor* This relationship Im¬ 
plies that the student is not In, but is preparing for, remanerative employ¬ 
ment* His immediate contribution is not of commercial or industrial value, 
and it follows that the maintenance of himself and his dependents cannot be 
provided out of his earnings. This relatitmship further implies that a 
certain responsibility is i^osed upon the student to mai® sufficient pro¬ 
gress and display such interest in his studies as will warrant his being 
retained and advanced. On the other hand, the instructor or Institution 
has a responsibility to maintain such awfurate records as will show conclu- 
siTely the progress made and interest shown on the part of the student* 

Inztitutional training implies that systematic and organized instruo- 


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- 48 - 


tion is being given the disabled man by snob, instructors as are fully 
taalified from the standpoint of jQio??ledge, sfeill and teaching abili-ty* 

It may be fairly assun»d that the instructor will proceed in the manner 
consistent with the best accepted toaching practice and will be properly 
progressive and thoroughly interested in his profession. 

The success of rehabilitation when training is iinrolved will depend, 
first, upon making a wise choice, with the right type of training agency, 
and, second, upon making* such arrangements for trainii^ as will cause it 
to lead directly to the eaaployment objective which has been determined 
upon* It is probable the second of these services will princiially call 
for the exercise of ingenuity, patience and parseveranc© on the part of the 
agent in providing either institutional or employment training, or a c»mbin - 
ation of both types* 

It must likewise be iteembered, however, in oonsidering the advantages 
and disadvantages of institutional end employment traiaingi and in making ar¬ 
rangements for them, that tlie primary object in rehabilitation work is to re¬ 
establish the person in employment on a wage-earning baais, and tlie dnforce- 
ment of standards in any form of training mast not be such as to interfere with 
this main purpose. 

Training in hospitals is purely for its therapeutic value and is essen¬ 
tially pre-vocational in characters^ and in no sense of the word may it be 
said to be vocational training. It is really bed-side wo 3 & and is done to 
occupy the man*s mind and to keep it off his condition. Suoh media as cor¬ 
respondence courses is salesmanship and accountancy are given t o nen and al- 
thou^ they imy mt pursue this work when tliey enter upon training, they 





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have at least acquired the habit of study, and they hare become aocuston^ 
to concentTation for a period of time# Illiterate men are taught the 
rudiments of reading and wrl%liig the English language. 'fhey so <4 hegia 
to appreciate the extent to which they hre seriously handicapped in be 12^ un¬ 
able to master these fundafaentals and as a coasequeno© ti^y Imaediately be- 
ccR» eager education. ihiother great advantage gained from this edu¬ 
cation given in the liospitals is the re-creation in each man of that initia¬ 
tive which he appeared to hme completely lost upon his entrance into the 
military service. His was but to do or die, and never asS: the reason why^ 
He came out of the service absolutely dependent on some other source besides 
himself for his food, olothea, and lod^nt, and this ruined his sense of 
moral obligation to society. 

A factor which greatly increases the future usefulness and educative 
activities of the dibbled man in the Arsy hospitals is the possibility of 
continuitt^ his education after Jiis disability, uMer the direction of the 
Teterans Bureau, To be able to maJce real progress toward his vocational 
education while still in the hospital makes a strong appeal to an ambitious 
man* It is a stimulus for effort and sure hope of future success vrhich 
will exert wonderful influence in hastening and improving his chances for 
recovery. It is a certain encouragement which will enable him to set 
aside his discouragement because of his physical disability and determine 
that he will recover and fight his own fight, axid ask no odds from charity 
and benevolence. The hospital school then plans to become the preparatory 
department , giving the men full functional restoration and inspiring them 
with a desire to continue their rehabilitation after discha]i^e. 



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Statistical data oon^ilod -by thQ office of the Staff Asaistaat, Admin¬ 
istration Division* Veterans Bureau* and revised to lay 1* 19E2, readily shows 
the extent of the facilities for proper hospitalization of our disabled vetear- 
ans: 


Hature of Ireatment : 


Itober 



• 

, In Covemment Hosipitals Contract Hosoit^ls 

Total 

Ihiberculosis 

8,260 


3,024 

11,284 

Heuro-psychiatric 

4,679 


4,609 

9,188 

Ceneral and surgical 

6,087 


1fc,996 

8,083 

Total ~ 

i 

19,026 


9,529 

28,556 


Pros the tics 

5otal Koisber of artificial limbs supplied by tte U* S. 

Veterans* Bureau to date — ..——— 6,658 

Hospitals available:- GovenaiMiit - 96 Contract - 1*B43 

Hospitals in use - Covemment - 93 Contract - 769 


I^ta supplemental to the abore is given in the foUowring table and it will 

give a compreliensive idea of the three main olassif icaticms receiving medioal 

treatm^t, together with the amounts expended by the Covemment to provide heepi- 

tallzation facilities: 

Me4ig.al-0ar9..and Hospitalization 

MiKflber ef ex-service men who have received hespital treatment - 239,932 

Szamiaation of ex-service men oidei^ (Central Office) ———-—- 1,190,840 

HuaSier of ex-service men now receiving treatment, 
showing jdLnd of hospitals and nature of treatment. 


Kind of Hospital 

Tuberculosis 

Neuro- 

psychiatric 

Oeneral 

SuisriGal 

Total 

tJ.S,Pablic Ifealth 

Service 6,024 

2,806 

3,982 

12,812 

Amy 

1,034 

65 

781 

1,880 

Havy 

49 

215 

688 

952 

Soldiers* Home 

1,153 

721 

636 

2,510 

St* Blixabeths* 


872 


872 

Contract 

3.024 

4.609 

1.996 

9.629 

.rzz:=: 

- 11.284 

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-51- 


Amcmnt expended Ijy to July 1, 1920, approximately, ^9,300,000^00 

Amotint expended out of 1921 appropriation------- 53,649,706.01 

Amount expended out of 1922 appropriation ——-— --- 54,502,588.78 

Total-——-—— -------$127,452,294.79 

The Veterans Bure^iu has Been informed that aam ex-service men who are not 
eligible for compensation from the Buroau,arQ, nevertheless eligible for en¬ 
trance into National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. This class con¬ 
sists of those persons who were passed by taa draft board but were later re¬ 
jected at the training camps for physical disabilities. in many of these cases 
the claim for compensation has been disallowed by the Veterans Bureau because 
there was no medical evidence to shew that there was an aggravation of their 
disability between the short period of induction and rejection at the training 
camps. All such men whose eases were disallowed by the Veteians Bureau are, 
nevertheless, eligible for entrance into these hi^es providing the men are in 
needy oircum^ances according to information received at the Veterans Bureau. 
Shis privilege of entering the national Soldiers* Homes will be of great assis¬ 
tance to hundreds and probably thotisands of veterans affected by this ruling. 
During the nation-wide cai^iga conducted by the Veterans Bureau in which more 
than 175,000 ex-service men were interviewed, may ouch cases were discovered. 
Dug to tlje fact that t ese men in many cases remained in the training camps for 
only a siiort period of time, there is no evidence to sliow that their disability 
was incurred, increased, or aggravated by their service. 

One other noteworthy feature in the progress of events is the fundamental 
diffei'ence between the surgical conditions during tiro Civil «var and the ^orld 
War. Clinical observation has accomplished mroeh, but experimental research 
has done far more. The discovery of germs am the consequent progress made 
in the sci^ice of bacterihlcgy has tendea to inaaeasurfibly decrease mortality 







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A 


The ^perfection of tetanus antitoxin has saved many lives on the fertilized 
fields of i^ancQ and Flanders, for tiie dangerous soil, laden with fecal 
"bacteria, meant certain death as soon as wounds vrere exposed to its rava^s* 
Surgical research has established tiie importance of disinfection in wounds, 
and it has been demonstrated that if the wounded can be brought to the stur¬ 
geon within the first few hours after the wound has been inflicted, even if 
the casualty be very severe, t«o out of three can be saved, the principle 
established in this ease being tliat the wound is contaminated but not in¬ 
fected. In the case of those not receiving fairly prompt stirgical aid, 
the Carrel-Bahin-sffithod has been used, and the disinfection of wounds has 
been remar^rably successful. 

Engineering and chemistry have done very much to develop modem sani- 
tation but bacteriology lias been tha most important factor in this develop¬ 
ment. iTeventive antitoxin has exiormously reduced the mesher of typhoid 
cases. The dentists and sua^ons reconstructed faces and jaws formerly con¬ 
sidered absolutely hopeless. The surgeons doing this facial worlc availed 
thmselves of fne services of artists, plaster nKjdelers, and sculptors. The 
orthopedic surgeons restored motion to appar^tly useless arms and legs, s© 
tliat the man can now be enployed in gainful occupations and become psrtially% 
and often wholly, self-supporting. ^ch worlc was unheard of in tlie Civil 
War. It is one of the real benefits to the credit s de of the great war. 

Other factors which have been of incalculable benefit in the physical 
rehabilitation of wounded soldiers have been the new instimraents of precision 
and methods of diagnosis. Clinical theraioiBeters were ualnaown In our armiew 
during the Civil War. Hemostatic forceps, retractors and dilators, now in 


-.va* 


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■ ;.■ vf i.v . X ,XX-s a.:.;-ij.' -v-^^ *io’i .. aojtr-'y'a "^o oH3.'.^ 


»c.v',.-. v aari o;^ OT,^vf •a..5>*ii;ovr a^, itcve w.' .. ^..vX'i- a • . ,•',: . ial'xe^Jor-'' 

,»;Xrvo^' £f’ rviv:ov;*;.:iX 8 :.j ’-t oa:,rai:io^i ert? Xja',niicLsoUr. ..-i- v:r...o-. 

--’Siiit -ai ?.u'i;-X'r;‘Ui' fovf f;i-.o o/i^ ti juOv ■ •'uarz-tife-OD i;oa»ii ii 

‘ii i:QV^> ^ ttixX uo.*'^ litn.',': xa 'laJ'li a. o;3a ni.'JXv/ r;oo", 

^IfTxonX'i^ .'Xf dx:& le &iiO o*^ .©-^'.vciu v;*i 0 V :>a v^X"Xj'x;a«o 

~/t1 ion uinf' h0n-niT^..ino0,1 ."xj.X'.; Oi’.: nf O'a. o ai xcsisaxXc^xiiJao 


.xuu 




w‘ > i*-* 




ssil 5 o ncX.^oa^-iYCi-:i :.• im> ..-ro-ef' 'fa:" Bc--:^?-.'.^ ni'x':'-X..T £-0 'Ji.i 

-XKXS ii'iOc Ol -’V:-CO /9Xfi QlLiXM V^'Xa xif.'&ti D ^L'l.e'SUfi^iXjSS 

“ XOX^>'V's;'rX,^ rri "xcXc. /t iTOc-cr^i Xsxxa ?Mid rr^e'd’ "^c-I- ;Xiejt)«ad' ucii^- J 
‘io 'xc*''.^ix;: ^li.t vlsircr ./xcj ei:xi ixixo^iaixs o ^/t»>v^vT.L .irrtst’: 

“XK'O :,X * a’^st ■ ifiS;' Jxi&, a^f’Si I oxjiwX: sk-aX'* * 8 <^a. 9 

Y-^xr^- £eiei-x it. i b^%okz 

u-'.i* .ifrxv.UiIi'-ya , e-xbIoX^opi ‘iqjsx’I'ij „ s„’“3.tjWx: '?.o aocivxBS ax.J 'ix, SD’«i.t'3^rof’.o 
C-e Site 0 ^ cxi-ojti^,v £'8 oiXK>::ova'-!:tj 

on ocod Oir.'"- J'£(?/vC -00 X'^Xxirfc ii£ g/vi \*f^:st o-Sb xair" osfo ^ 

Ixvi-j ad? til i .0 ^*},v Kiiov." Xiaal. «;iXx2w'50G^xx^-iios ., '.XlOiiX/ /:,:■;jio lyts 

•T^w ®ri^ 'io d ^.2 *?£;.• ci & Xxxi'x aiw 'iO ^fo 3.t iff, **i.«.''' 

syiCT ©dj rti %i'*li3i'ii»r, eXx;xiXa'CX-:JO.i'ii Iq oviaX xiaxifw £*rcifc.'r-% ‘y-ar ,K.' 

noieio^xq- io «»^aas»r£i?3a:2 a'qr eX? e-v-axi a-xsiMC'^ xr-W-.a.'M/Zd.'idoi 

>Mr© lii ^cr sBcai^am hrs 

fwj. ..oy^ Xjv- a'ii:/r.xT;?syi ^fi?.:'^*.S‘i;o‘t aX^XwoCY^oTv Xxv:0 


-53- 

constant use, were iitterly -arL^own at that time* !Phe cbemistrir and physics 
of tile blood and the various devices^to study blood pressure were liloswise 
untoio^m- 21io apparatus for using the wonderful X-rays discovered in 1895, 
has been f^reatly iiniiroved and the diagnosis of various afflictions has been 
rendered most certain and simple# 

Many of these improveoients and disced eries have been naacie by men whose 
name and fame practically tnilmown, but their worh iias been marvelously 
successful and beneficial to men whose sufferings have been enormiusly 
diminished, and Whose lives have been saved - a combined humanitarian and 
economic gain wliioh can liardly be estimated# 


©ifi: xXl©^iS»' ,©ejT !$u£ 4 qsu^o 

9'^;¥fi t;%/8t;<ncf looX/ T{Jb^5#d^« Oy asfolTsv adi im?; Jboolcf odi ^ 

.»S€ 3 I sU .i 0 %i[&iytm pAf >j^ia.K ieg": ^iwoinCiSBr- 

ii»e(f &fA aac-iij'&j.J. gev ^ sia^ij^rsZ^ it^t* ibev'O'i^ajl 42e©d ajKi 


»dJt<jtoL$ «Zja^TtyG ^s02J lK?i:©£i£ro7 


iiBoiitj iist; ©l»*ss ii.eecf dV 4 >sji gai’is'iocwif; aiGdjEewvTmX oeei/ i to x-«s^ 
'^X*iJO^©vt^>£: ^-roTT liad^ -;fj3rf ^aPC4!c£asf t.'^io' o^i..;- iicw- 

, izm^ O-Ted ©«orfi? ,4 sr: €vi .l4XoZto«<kf txu: Xi^tssecofira 


iittii jZit£ijiHrf ,6©axcteit)o it - S^r^a Keeti” ©t’ssi^ aeTiX Sgo/iw lirce , f«w:iiiLfl[|;wiJ[j 

©4 •^^li)*s*?X i33io Xo£aw'/tjja§ . dZ<f.&fKOo 



GHAma It 


70CA2I01IAI. GUIDAIK5B - aSSBRAXi OBSMTAf lOH OP mS TOEIOAGIES 
OP THE PEOBLBM - SUGSB^ED MAHNEE OP !iEE4fMf. 

-■ ■' ^■■■-^' 4 * 

Tim iisdustrlal dereloproent of a nation Is contingent upon the extent of 
the aTailahle Xahor, capital and raw ssateriala# This fundaiaental economic 
principle i^ionld bo borne jh mind by the vocational eouneellor in hie effort 
to aid the disabled man to i^^e a choii^ of occupation^ ▲ comprehensire« 
scientific study has been made of the probftoos of finance and ecosu^ic re** 
sources but the vital sociological problem of labor has been viewed in the 
light of a «laisses fairs** policy. In a very definite sense« the vocaticmal 
adviser is a personnel manager, for upon his apt Judgmait will depend, to a 
large extent, the tumcrer of lab^ in practically erery industry. The rota¬ 
tion of labor should be made as nearly stationaxy as possible in order that 
technical efficiency and social pclicy may males progress* 2h the past, new 
ea^l^ees have giwan the empleyer very little eonoem and only recently hare 
they awakened to the fact that a disproportionate operating cost was incurred 
as a result of replacing newly hired help • These new employees have 
learned but little and the expense incurred in placing them has been prorated 
only over the period of their short stay* Workmanship is poor and aceiddnta 
and breakages are numerous. They have not imbibed the policies of the com¬ 
pany and as a consequence loyalty and discipline are wanting* The spirit of 
team>work lies dormant, for only by perseverance azid understanding can cooper¬ 
ative activities exist between officers and men and between man and man* 

It is a just observation that the minds of the strongest and most active 
powers for their proper objects fall below mediocrity, and labor without effect 




i /i’ *-•> ‘W. 

T ■ 




• X 




O^C'XiSOi)© ?,i4 X A i 1 jL » «*-■ ■£ "i ■ ' ‘ • ' S^-X \-‘- i- t. Xj ^^ , 'xo<f s I ii -Ccitli: iv'^'.. e. >i 

ti -' 0 •■* * ■ ^ 5i Xi;;i XIX ^aOXX Xtf''' ixc i^U'vc 3 ,.,a \:c' .^k: ^-. x-d SL^rKina G«f liXi^«4<5S 

,ex'ir5/£ttiie*i i» ''• ir‘^. • c , Oc S^ftX^xJy £r:ij xii^ o^ 

* •% 

-O’i ^.Immo.: r^''w ’iX <-r. X i'0^€ 34id. rBsxJa 

exr^ xst £> 0 W.‘X'j ‘iisou *-.x texit-I xe i'> 4 ;.c^clgiec-i I^ifiv £>4^ atjo-troa 

X^txxoxi: 00. ejuJ ,DX!"9a ?s»^i.., ^Tc^'v xi^ ^i^oxXoo 50 JXjir 

a Cj .|)(iT’^30& ,;iJ:v; 4£4- riof^i;;- ^rcl /tt>,:X.-xi'^oa'^ai x: 3X 'xs^'i^Xi 

-*‘vrtt g^'T .•■^v.t;i4>iTX '%^4^'."^ \xL-i txu.*.n ‘xooBi ?‘-v •jo^iji'xiw j. i X'o e^xJiI 

i.U‘xC: :.:l. Gx-i .oco t^\s> a.':, otixc^ l?Ir<u, c 'XooxX 4c jx^ix 


^ v( 


.Sce-i^ o-x<i; v,CxXcr Xiiiooa ..jo-:; - o-^xoi •'io 


ot;54 %ZfiU>}0€i*t i^r-raaroo ^3X:;;!XX v'i-i: / e-I’3i; sii4 xv^^ iiv. 

ho^iiDOiii a^vr '%axS^m^r:p ot::^i:ii'rmo^&ib a x :^o,.''i ei;^ Imien^effa, 

Gvxi.. ova.;©!^/^ ^'iis <3?;oo4 . (]Xa.: 4oihr -^Xv/oo _ ixi %;X "P-*r Ilc £ ox-: 

X'455«no‘?xj: xiyd=i X}a.;\ ^ ■ ^■‘ ^X**.*# C^jx j.or;:-;.':x : oiJ'ilx XciX*r:.\3J 

Tijr^euXop^ 'i-A^ si v.]i,fe«gficC'^o'G ^xou: iO i^ol'ic/c trxti 'I'-Arc Tii^- 

-tiOO do« 5c- ocXoilXX; dii t X;©fi'.nirfi ■'■■.''j&l- vO'-V .ci.'0'ri^-..xxr i&*X-.- ..<3r>Xx75j&:0''4(; 

’i? ii'iLva c-xxX .;;x:x^';xa*:.' aXv af£xi^jX;/axX' ijXi..' ocX a^rasrpoo;.,;::; jv a#;- 4:1* y;4s3ti 
"iXHV U £O £ yX X^ ■:*iXfc,of.'; acfSJ ooi^.-x'■■'v'ov^'jcr; '«;d vlriO ir"- ^ Jxx4-o*ic/. aaiX -v''iOT«r-.^^;iS“^ 

fjsuy iVm lAjOAtDiiS i:ou^. ..^u. <,*iGci'i4o ,:.oe.^.^^fcXxio xalaivic-Oi. svXctx. 
svx5’ox> J 3x?x.i:c'i30 ':;.4 'to 4" ii^oj ;;^jx-la v-juja^.; ^ .•' . , [jx ffX 

^ov'Uo : ttoa^iX a-;,;, iaoeXiaK. .vciod IXa-.' 4xrot : ■i.4x 3 g*xa’x-o<x 


: ttOa^iX 


-55- 


if oonfln«d to mieoxi^nial pursuits. An erydu&ssroT should bo mde by the 
officer in char^ of roeatioml guidance to present the case in an absolutely 
fair and frank oanner. He should e!i 5 )loy his good offices to direct the dis¬ 
abled nan in making the choice of an intended career but he should not exert 
undue influence» permitting the choice to be entirely Tolustary* Ihe advan¬ 
tages of being a trained workman in some Skilled trade or profession should 
be pointed out and full assurance given that suitable arraagemsnts will be 
made and maintained during the course of instruction* 

Shere cannot be enon^ emphasis laid upon the fact that an opportunist 
ohoiee of occupation ^ould never be nade^ for should such be done the in¬ 
evitable result will be that upon retixm of employment conditions to normal, 
he will be reduced to the status of a casual laborer, perilously near the 
verge of mendicacy* 

An effort should be made to fit the disabled soldier for an occupation 
related as closely as possible tb'his former position. His past experience, 
far fdom being disregarded, shoi^d be built upon. This rule aiplies, how¬ 
ever, only to men who weie, previous to their enlistment, operatives in the 
skilled trades. Their problems are the sis^lest of solution. Besides pro¬ 
fessional soldiers, many young mm were disabled who had not attained a per¬ 
manent industrial status« Some may have acquired a high school or college 
education, while others, with little valued experience begotten of migratory 
habits, and who belong to that class that seem not to fit in, must be proper¬ 
ly placed* Others will have been drawn from xznskilled aztd poorly paid occu¬ 
pations i^ich hold forth no future for the able-bodied woricer, and almost 
none for the physieally handicapped. The vocational oounsellor, in coping 


QciJ' f:.- X.’r;fcts^ii^;owK ■'O:^ ^GiC'ij’XivC Ai 

xti-i ijLit mi^ o ‘ ©omy-^Xs^- i;^foov 10 id 

3Ji? ^osi^db O'i acoiilo e.lii %o-lcm'Q bis o^^-ji iKSiB xtii’x 

L'Cf, M 4::! ^J3K? Xieoruiyfd ixisj Ilc feoic-r'o exiX £lI bi?Xd& 

-m V■^loTi* o«‘ 03- cal'viC' wi'fd , ©CiX^j'fXlXiA sssUiv 

T,c i&;^J!2£\'0v A)a-rji:.S:*2:;f J5-*«‘Jtiod‘ !^C 

Otf X£l'95f <!fXtr«5tU:j s oaciArxr^ fcfi£ thyt? i^OdTEiOi 3MCf 

/ 

1-0 i>S^ffQQ iSC'c^ i>/i£ 

■;iei:Trj;J'SC{j^.<{-jSf,p j.yv:"? |r^>'!.o hi-Bl ’<:: i z<."Mb '0- ^ssc-rs^ ^’i tO-"v/i»o eTOif? 

^X.xt ei^fc5 H-Xf'- ‘tciS. xjr-ocl^; i.x.9Di>o 1:0 -e*»lof(c 

^£j:ano« xatof^ ji;x;,vr iixT/cXdjt;;^?^ 

OiM •£iK?xt ^X;jiyx''Xf^ lo ^ioi^d“e ov i:.&Sfi''l>©TE od" XXiw sr' 

■^ . ' r-" 

.liOisoIBnoa 1:0 

■fK^'l^jiinwoec .f»j& ^0'^ ^nffx-n-: ?jor<r.xXJb ^jri^ #i..v ei>#iP orf ^-.ijtjxixs ^-sctls kA 
,ooxi'-cji’xars:^* itfc.scf 4iit: .isx?.tLU;xty, *-a£..«i;?' f c-ii, »id'i^:80q[ SB •;Ia3-oXs ex. ly^Xsdf^'S 

od^ it! a^n^frimio ^ 3ii^i3s:.llsto f!v:iif:- o4 aj^oivo^<i , oxow ©xiw rroa o.: <^©ts> 

zbM^oZ 1o J'a«Xt^;ais o/fi? arcreldoipe^ *e£m 2 X.3lXi'Aa 

-’’iaq i5 J&OisicwCtja jo^r ox^f cs^ro^ riot*: .oioXAAoa X^ftoXeGsl 

t ,;^IXoo\o Xca';4>a Ov^ ©VM ©gioa .e,:±js^e iixc^;>8i;M'y: Xn&sast^ 

\%otr,*sgtrx^Q Xsi;;X£;V ©X^^iX /f'Jfw ofXif?!' 

pd' daJKJK .«! 5X1 €J .joct rDS^^ d.i3?^7 G3-r-Xo i>-j^id- 0^- ^ifOXod' obw bn& ,s.U(Jiiii 
-sjcoc vl'-i^oq; S>szSi h^ntiMSi^s ccril- ttoctf er^, nx??''o’l«;jf40 ’^I 

■^•' ^CO’-X.'.'; iki*j ,'X<S:XW* i2Ltx*0‘!~r;|,diL? ©if:? 'xol s^rifrl o?!r Mcxf a^oiXxu:; 

:;^,id'JOO 4u , ntoXX^Ci'iron If?Kt:X crrr ■tXj>,oiiy5:A; ©/Sd ‘lol e^on 


with th# latter elass^ has fcmnd his work particularly difficult, for 
thoro is no former experience of value to serve as a guide in the choice 
of a trade for which the crij^le is to be trained. He amst then fall 
back on the gexisral principles of vocational guidance. A working hypo¬ 
thesis should be deduced from such elements as natural talent, personal 
preference or taste, temperament, his iaterent manipulative skill; the 
general character of the individual. The vocational adviser should know 
the history of the ?nan*s disability, together with the popognosis of the 
medical officer. ®he friendship and confidence of the soldier are ab¬ 
solutely essential, and it cannot be over-^phasiaed that final choice 
should meet with the full approval of the soldier himself, for the unwill¬ 
ing and rebellious pupil learns but little, whereas the eaznest and ambi¬ 
tious one makes rapid progress. 

Vocational counsellors may profitably keep in mind the distinction made 
by more aggressive employment managers who have dereloimd a fuller app»- 
eiation of the difference between the Job and the man on the jc^. Bie 
realisation of this difference and the realisation of the inadequate study 
given to Jobs has caused much emphasis to be placed uxxm the analysis of the 
Job an the proper ground for detezmining the requirements and standards ef 
coupetency. This recognition has been brought about through a gradual de¬ 
velopment of the working Job analyses in various plants and through the 
emphasis placed upon econoa^r and Skill. 

Job analysis has been defined as "a so lent if ic study and statement of 
all facts regarding a Job that throw light on its content and especially on 
its relation to the worker.* This important knowledge may be obtained only 
by careful examination, analysis and leeord of all the elements of each Job, 


^fTiow s W burnt ned .*ic;f#4iX miS 

s Eit 0WS3 oJ €»f-X-»Y ‘%'0 #or/c!ti'x,3i.i.Ti> ’ifev’xc'i Off ci s-iM^ 


XX#1 Xt©?* SKf oX '■•i i^3L>w t</ 1: ofv-.'id' /? 

-o^r^ ^iiXTC^v ^ . ss^OflreXi: IvtfEolto4V Ic :ifi£(^iofil*s-: go 

^2:i&li.j- iir.ic^i-f.’n: e*} eingt^^^X-': r-ocz J‘%'xt Poor^beb ©«f fclj&crf.-e atcf^iU 
<^r{^ Xia-. -^Xlisfe -syiSA-isKlj^zm sir* ,-lo 

•,t:^ .5.t«'CJis •* eivi)» Xz-nrrxtsnQv rXmtd'ixbul o'-i 'o le^-jioi 

i^di ‘iQ fj;-J Ilc or^d 


-X:. utHX'T^ «kU ‘to 9ox.6i>i‘i;i'00 te (rliisb^^ei*b% lff.oihGtn 

outa^<D Ixwli: oivifc VO otf ;^i yl<?;|~lx'8 

l^'l'VKSJ wli ^o‘* , ’xslbXfis QtfJ- -ic Z^r'y’Tk:'^^:- lijt^ biHw cf«>;£ >>:, c:i2 




Xl-x^oq eocxllofe ..xr 
.as-criXiO'zcT 902^u:i crto 


mm £K>i.^O£?IXsiij ofCiJ O'-Xif' jxi q^e^i -^Id^ji^oiyr JEj^cIXessfsrco l45xi' XvrooT 

ri::,'X|jul Ov^coXeTeX or^^ri aq® i;<-ia:,^irt£i8 wae;v.oicxs&* er.si.o^'-'/'o -."roi'-r . 
i/rS? *diit ^u3 xiSifiy dd-r i>D,B odi ^ ncld^o 

Xttis z^Jsi!p3b^ml Br'.j ic AoiXzsi.lixto'r .q.»5s oa-iC'^ortiL ^ 1:4 te i?^£3-x?ijix.if«*£ 

mid to ai«-X3«*5 sx.£i s^d 0 : ucn- 


:to 2Xi?rsjfo*xi;^i.>S)-£ -ot iimjo'i itr itof. 

-.i& lijxrisp’rj s iX:-^£?i£X‘ isxd^s £j®©<f a,^" -ricz^rirr-^cooi Bi;.":*' ,-,voxi.:.>,i€v--groo 

to sXtzaXM rX soa^Xor^ cfol, tc 

T .v ,V.V .Xli^e to '®_o:rp;^ sferxi^^Sio 

ux> to toJa oi-ai/isios OA ■^' ■^■" 

te ^rxtoxraXi izo 00 : . :,£riXr. 

XXm Mn^^jyfo &(i ^r^viiQX^rat si:iS a x oJ fio^ixilo*^ - 7 ' 

if rtiX'-.'V 'Vj-. jr. 4 - ^ ^ f - ^ -rj. .- Y~ 


- 57 - 


as well as its storroundings and relations with other jobs in the san» 
establishswnt. This prewai^oses the gathering of information ea^hatically 
disinterestedly, with the fullest scientific exactness possible in the 
consideration of hisnan affairs. 

Job analysis is essentially an instnoaent of industrial research* 

The main captions which may be followed in such analysis are substantially 
the Job itself, the sfquence of operations , necessary in the 

new wor]£ and the Job In relation to organisation* Job analysis is used to 
decure information primarily for four porposess 

Firsts XEaprovements in worid.ng methods and processes; 

Second; Protection of the health of the worlosr; 

T^'Airdz Proper training; 

Fourth; Proper selection, initial and progressive* 

When Job analysis is made primarily for the purpose of solving the 
side of the placement problem, certain definite groups of facts are 
erystalliaed into a form which may properly be called the specifications 
for the Job* Snqoloyinsnt is used here in the broad sense of bringing the 
man and the Job together, either by hiring, traxisferring or promoting. The 
definite groups of facts relate to the nature and conditions of the work, 
the duties and qualifications of the worker, and certain eoDditions of ser¬ 
vice, such as lay, hours, and opportunities. The term "Job analysis” may 
be advantageouely used to describe the analytical process used in acquiring 
those facts. The descriptive material resulting from this analysis, when 
put in definite form for the pirpose of empldyment, may be called the "Job 
specification". The Job specification has corae In as an instrument of 
tool to help make the work of the ^ployment department 


preolsion - as a 


xa zsiuixdyi 55-iS£fjmm*Bis »£ Uon as& 

'4li^oi^sciqmQ ^c ^ct# i:Irta: • «)'i/;j4ieil«/;5;r£t€ 

Oi:!^ i»i eiW a^Xv, ,iijL&sXije--5:«v5^jixaxX> 

,sil.:l!r5 riXTiimi *ic iJC-i^c'^oSisago 

^--c^^-r.mQ'x X^l'xXeijjjni ';© /ss ;tao£i: •. fei 4t% 

ttXi.-iijiiJ’S iif-i s-^v BisV^j-is jtoia! ,Ki '.s^oXIOi ad t^o ^'olifit afjviJifjBO ni^ (j-:i' 

aaJ EB SiSifia kkcJA sCi'UXiJfv . a.;ci^£!-o,■;o lo sonaciroe ‘3Hi .lX©ic:i (fot crlJ 

c# &3C_- Bi siaviiW dot .uoidaaXfir^io tI^ obi^sXoi stl iS'^i ;jcij ii^s :>iow w. 

.-osam-iaj x:.-c,'i lot iK-Uji's^ciai o-asooi 

.fe:t6» 3f>cw.'feci i,I* fc^ViiarTfiirc*s?'jrI 

. V uX:ntg /v>JiXoe;ro‘iS jI>f/oO0S 

initialjs'sx u3-..ic'fu j6iri.T 
,.4iCid"3.:vi'ox; 

■ odd Sfj«,* -u. wosfcrf edj ^ol tXti«=Iw etos ai sis^X^Tt dbf aeif^r 
om Sioit^o 83ia,;'k»A jsitaE* ,iol<S.w ^ti -o »bitt .-ditsM 

or!.; itii iu dotf’-i, jit^eS « efc-i fesitisJe^^o 

Orij ■f.azmi-ii 'JO 6BJS!* iao-jtf sEJ «i wad ;.'oe.e bj drwsr.oXCTf?; .do; eax -mi 
Oi.1 to *aj'£;f6la-tjiT# ij<f •sMJtis .esj-J ojoi <fof, srfd to, rt£» 

.jXiovr SHJ 1<3 a-tcijiirtoo too «««,« odi oj ad,;X»x oJas^ to actto-tg odicEtaf. 
-•Jsa to eaoidifift.o Exod-rso to-, sri, tc to b 9 ,EJ!,* seX 

-aiaxtto, tf 04 « «od ad? .Boidir^-d^cEto to ,. B^xoofi . -^-r 3 0 ..B . ooiv 

KJtiiiifjiaa ai c-.a/. ssatoag to'Jrtj'.is:! -x .f odNaeaS 0 i j&sat' Xtoo jy .i-:.-o,- 
no'lix .sic-lEae eir;3 K.-jt 3trXJX!.-oea X.;.itc-fcf,! atljgiaoaaO a.', .-jy^a eec:,* 
Cioi,-* 6XJ iexteo wf V*« . to^axtreo to asoaaj c » aot B-at': jU 3;.^ 

IS JriamiTteai ue a* lU 3..<,o ar.- ooi-Ji-oX11 a;s : oiit .'tof JaoiUoa’s 


-58- 


more thoroxi^-goiiig, mare careful, and more accurate. Ihue far, relatively 
little lias been done in defreloping a method of attaOfc upon jobs and little 
definite -workable data is arailable on ^diich to proceed. 

The oH me tried of permitting employment fimetlons to be handled by a 
▼wriety of minor executives is being speedily eliminated by large establish- 
H»nts who hare come to realife the benefits to be derived by scientific 
treatment of the subject of employment maziagement. Heretofore executive 
control in business has been exercised through three main conditions of ad¬ 
min ist rat iom 

First: Finance - in charge of a Treasurer or President. 

Second: Manufacturing - in charge of a general manager or general 
superintendent. 

Third: Sales - in charge of a Sales Manager* 

To these general conditions, indastrial enterprise is new adding a fourth, 
i»e* employment management, or, as it is sometimes called, supervision of per- 
TOnnel. In the employment department of a business are gathered all those 
activities which have to do with human relations - hiring, education, pr<^- 
tion, discipline, discharge, wage-setting, pensions, sick benefits, housing, 
etc. To bring all these matters together under one head and provide each 
sub-section with specialists is a great st^ towards scientific industrialism. 

Behabilitation is essentially a personal service and to be successful 
it mast be conducted upon a basis of individual or case needs, rather then of 
group needs. Individual case experience will be invaluable to restore the 
great diversity of services required in the process of rehabilitation. The 
vocatl<nial cotaisellor or adviser can accop^lisii a great deal, therefore, both 
by citing cases of severely disabled people who have succeeded, as well as by 


viu-'X; ixix ^ sttl-v- 
^<jiks ■.« 4 C‘^. : 3 £ci>o 5 ii. !t <3 >:- ^cr iu ativilj zstJsd’ as^X^ 

aa ' fi-oiiis^’' f;:© t<x s>|uiSJ^»r<78? 9;?XiTil5>i:: 

« T«S' i't Xi>*7.ntf <5a ^senirsreii*^ i-i fto Mo o-:^^ 

-*r.stl«i^:':;i't;0 ^.'£*^1 fcOiti-iLiftuIa 'HoCiiu lo 

ox'xX 04S v<j eX ajx'ii'£’'od’ 9r’J ^^I’’'::-.'^ oX jec';c-'',- a^xii'i or'vf s^ucPt 

s-V£,ti,rcc:^ -C'fJ^',;>;>«c:‘5:t Xiie-j;c7reI-^tT0 ^io 

'".:)r. ic e*xc.f.yiisiioo ix^iooif ^xifi oMQfftXejyc! flJt IcfrJtyco 

to Tcni-2X.0T;^; ji. \c 'ai - eoiiiJiit ' 

r..iTOifO> Ti. Ixrror;^^:, .>■ o^Tjaiio ai - •^/ixr:^o-::'J&'x!iiaa oeS 


~T^i- ‘XO 3I^:;x vx-arxifli , 
OQaao- XXs. 


A €ra^O XU - R<:i:&u 

^ e5].CTrxaAJ;fs XaXT^i^ii-X ,sB.Qi^>li)Xxa?; of 

i^oXix-o ®i4&XxrQi..oa «i ji fM ^T€ ^ 

■■'.RwxXexiif .;' to ^i:ChT:;f^ 4 a-:rM» GtxT nX MCMSiro® 


-aao'xti ,.i«'i 4 iia>;Xx:i r-aGluu,:! t /itia'.i!! rtX^isj' oi^ CJ av^f aoXxf>f 

^.cxfe , zsi.usriOix , arrilgXe^ixL ,..xscx;^ 

£i:^v.)^q: xaax. meu u.-o aT 3 ^^J 3 £^. LU: ;r;Ui:'r(^ of . 0^0 

o.- iSxrTOii Xfc:tis':‘ 5 «S<x ii J jaGi f 50 X^':Ml!cUsJfei^ 
to ^.arii.tx ,sfcoaa to iXvoMvMgtl «Xsjp.c j&o^/K/t/xoo «-5 

0 ^.:? OToa^GT Oj v;;t Ui^i ooi=iO iay^i;i; vIXxil ,,^■• vsXi^oir (xiro-it^ 

a 4 f no 6 ;..aocT<. oii^?:ic!vi£^a to yM 5 to?IX 

» 0 T 9 ^Texiy ,X.ooli .. ifsiiiiT^or-xj.^-e ‘£ 0 t;iVJ:>fe to ToXXo®iii;foo 


-59- 


in trodufltiiig the disabled soldier personally to tiiose who are similarly 
ar more serioiasly disabled, this for the purpose of enooixragement. In 
addition, orach can be accomplished by quoting the opinions of disabled 
persons to the effect that the future may hold, if tliey are determined i|at 
it shall, as much for thiKS as for anybody else* 

To maintain a spirit of hopefulness, consideration arust be given to the 
needs of the disabled mandand his dependents, with Ihe purpose of maldiig it 
possible for him to undertafce and achieve rehabilitation without woriy* It 
is the iniversal experience of lasn that where strained financial and domestic 
renditions exist, concentrated effort is greatly handicapped. Assistance of 
this sort should be based upon the assumption that the average peafson wishes 
to feel that he is independent and not an object of charity* 

In assisting the disabled man to deter line upon a suitable c'lareer the 
officer for rehabilitation should not fail to consider independent employment, 
that is, working for one^s self, as ?/ell as dependant employment, or working 
for others, as probably meeting the needs and possibilities of the person. 
Tljere are many opportunities no^^adays, especially in smll ccnammitles, for 
persons to establish themselves, independently, in coiaaercial and industrial 
pursuits, such as watch and clock repairing, tailoring, show repairing and 
store-keeping. 

JBven thou^ it is well known by all that working conditions ar© very 
important factors in the general efficiency and health of aH working people, 
there must be special consideration given to such conditions i*or wiiose who 
are susceptible to break-downs or recurrence of disease from which they have 


rijs Tt^lMc-R iwXdjgaix oxl^ ^{i^cwJ^)©’I«^X 

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to aaoJUiivfo exlJ -^4 MtietX<x*^oYo^ d4 ilaca; ^iaoiiii;-^! 

4j>vI ortan IX ^Mc<fi ©tor^sjl B.dt 4si4 :^oo'no arii o4 Sites?acj. 

*^£i|s ai? m^i ?o^ iloijsr s^-- ,Xl4»ilc-4! 

ofi3 .f'Orc^ S', itblsjs” €)i>laKt>o »?,3.oitijrl:sqc&t Ito. f:- of 

4i‘ ‘'ipLi^st.. lo ©t-cwrisjq ©cj” . e4£foJB?tg«i;et» e.tff isrx^'Lis^s^ !tei€(:.eib uii 1« s^aoff 

^Ji Jwrl^i'v y;: Xxs4iIicUf'©Y tYvoXaoar ^i'ss 0x!£^9X>rj» rLtii 9£<f£aoo<T 

oiJSQWOv ii'ii; i,uiafi4J«it a^exfcr 4sxl3 nijKs ^CKitt^X’igr-x® Xes?©TritJ&“ 94«* eJt 

tv- aojtfcX i'rtS-i »%it*”ri4:-ni.y4TF'^ -I^a©'i3 cl J'tc'its , 4eixo aaci^iivroc 

sCY-':s£-? 4»^.:va7 - x^J&xio iloi;^''ffft^i.^3i^ i.cKti? i)^ex8«f odT J^irosf# ;Hoc; a.afo 

te Y.■->»(,,(fo m ^'Ofi aX oa 04 

‘Si>o'Sti'6 sX jV-y 3JTi rt-ot^o'eiti. c seic^ icX^ssXf) o- ' X ax 

^-^xx^’r-colr^ii'^ ‘xoMctfioc o4.l£:i»t ^of'. ?®oXi'to 

?G jmfrr^.iQl: tx' Xua , ?-X®i?., a* :^:o xet *Ei 

suiY *iQ «sli'x.O:<iis--it;)^ x^i.: s^;.aix ;^crcr 9S ,^'iosiio ?ot 

?ol Jian?a£-c iX^efXB »?.i '.(rix,.-.-toxiTa«s .,3<:e5^v.on E0ixIiin;J?O{rq;o Vi-?- 'riOGX 

^m? Ijci vli;i ,^S$Tlya..-9-XJ- Xf3lH'';. XE3 oX sucgt-dh 
iJWi ‘^'i.liiiitfe? ^•;.xT/?c-Xti^ .^^fsx'iixsq[6? ,looXs.vrtX‘ .xicfn , .s^Xiia 

A . XiX<vacx-YYO^-ii 

\'zey sixoi^'iEjaCf^s ii^ ivwjt??' vX 

, oX'-iGOf.! 2/i-i-S4‘Xow lii xo X'Xixixi i>*. 't.oii^jto.iVJo licrx^coisF- , aittj m. ax'..-mx.vi?;c-x[iid 
c,;a' i)^c*i’>i7 'iOt ■axtQiiiliijC-a cw xiariv., ._x2txje?®.fci:'iia0o Xx'Xot'fR el ^■sixet e?34i? 

ct3ti m'th. ^ izmirx:cx oxytuJ a-u- 


- 60 - 


at some time suffered. Maaiy such men will be found wlio are physically 
able to con^^ete with the aremge worlssr in many vocations without evor 
iiaving had a recurrence of their trouble, where tlje ^ob and its surroundings 
are favorable. Hence for such men the rehabilitation officer must advise 
aaployment where favorable conditions exist. 

The possibilities for present and prospective employaent in a given 
iMustry should be thorouiMy toiown when consideratiOTi is being given the 
choice of a trade for which the wounded man may be fitted. Is the industry 
growing; is there a demand for its products; are there a sufficient numbdr 
of worlLers to supply the demand in a given corarmmity? These will serve as 
illt^trations of some of the factors to be ccmsidered in xdacemej:^ taeaining* 
The labor d^aand in an extreiTBly prwsperous era must be discoxmted and juig- 
raent laust be based on normal times, v/hen industry gives reasonable assurance 
of a living wage and continued anployment* 

It fre<iueatly happens t lat a man’s mind is in utter confusion when h© 
attempts to make a definite decision as to one of several training ooutsesi 
he would like to pursud* It is possible to readh the point where so many ad¬ 
vantages &X& disadvantages present themselves with every particular job that 
none of them will offer an appeal. Some will do better \TOrk when associated 
with others, while some larust wo3^ by themselves* Some men have infinite 
patience and can pay close attention to details, while others must aoq.uir 0 re¬ 
sults quickly, but there is a man for every Icind of woife. The vocational ad¬ 
viser must thersfcjre analyse his man on the principle tliat every kind of 
work will appeal to some man, and strive, as nearly as possible, to establish 
a balance between the specifications of the job and the qualifications 6f the 


man# 


or,-;/ ' illv nm. ADf/x- oitfiJ SirvUC 

: v'T»V'' Gm: i^j3.i)cv '‘^^r.-; iix *iai/-^ovr ak'> .; iw h*? ui&cmct Ot s>I'i£ 

a^j:il>f52.'C'>.'^its-5i aJi i>G:s ck'4 ^>w.»r ^elfkte^i ^o £ I’frf 

teriVlv tfoi iidXXi<i/iji©7 s»i:U naii t‘o:ni * 50 ! 00iBi4?U ^dXcfjoiovii'i a'i£. 
-c^ei.Tfv «isci^i:IfOK)5 ^XcTA-rovisl 

iicvlg tri jiii:jcr,:oX;£fio o-Tj:dtt:m£€-^' i?xt« sol^iXXrfiaf.oq «tffr' 

aid xiOTihv ' .Tt/stT si iiC’{^x:'4;(>Ms£Poe ra’‘w ijlrovia -^'xisxJbffi 

a:{Jf rJf j^- aK;t *ic* jb "-c soio /0 

♦[dtiiK^a cs ;siaf.'i:0TC0 sSi -sci lkwr-;ai> « 

Sfe iXx» 0fteii^ T^ilnximaco i;.o'^X-^ & ixi i,/x;xroX xiii$ ^qqjr? Gi s*i3:'.-xo^ ic 

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/>f'axL-Tey€i.& nT das:/i: *'X9 sijxo xic rci iiixrsaa -^cc^I m '* 

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htx rjdviX js lo 

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b«d-x:looae.'' s-©;^-.: 'xt o<H Him.yis Hi ^ tie. Lll^ti muH *to anorr 

oXistVmi v‘9.. i' fsoJt, afcior; .atwl-o-^ire/i x^ xTosi' dcu/ii-axfsex. aixxisr r?3iu- 

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'*!» ix-ool JiiooV" 0P^ ►^•50 / 'io lai'jc-' iri&'T’a * 3 : 0*1 iVr>r b , £ x>3 303 £di^s 

i© hffiik ■'■./.‘.‘V^ si’;;Xor£2*iq ■ ao .{vm-eiA; aaxJUxix* 3'xoir,>*rG:iv*’ dfsczr: loniv 

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- 61 - 


^hen again these men are in need of expert advice hecause of misguided 
judgments formed as to their choice of career before being discharged from 
the convalescing hospital. The illustration may be given where three or 
four men would be seen together in one comer of the ward, plamaii^ what th^ 
would do when they arrived home. One perliaps had intentions of opening up 
a real estate office; another an automobile repair shop; and peihaps a third 
was an embryo farmer; a fodrth, more mentally aldrt and garrulous than his 
comrades, would tell them of the fortune tliat awaited ham in the selling pro¬ 
fession. The j^al estate agent, the auto repair man# and the farmer, are now 
convinced that they are bom salesmen. This is a practical illustration and 
is only another of the Jutricacies which must be unravelled by the vocational 
counsellor if tlie mim ar^ to be assigned to their proper S|here in life. 

In discussing suitable mployment for these retobiiitated mm it is neces¬ 
sary to take account of the assumption that sometimes lists have been prepared, 
or can be prepared, of jobs in various occupations which are suited to certain 
types of disability, and that such lists materially lessen the work of the re- 
iiabilitating officer by making it possible for him, when he has gauged a dis¬ 
ability in a particular case, to turn to the proper^list and find indicated on 
it a job, or the jobs which are not barred to the percon because of a given 
disability, so that he can then jarooeed either to place the person in one of 
the positions indicated or place him in necessary training to qualify him. It 
is undeniable that several limitations would attach to any such practice. The 
experience of those engaged in rehabilitation, and the information which has.:, 
been gathered from persons themselves disabled, shows tlat rehabilitation can 
be coMiffited «ithout such a list, and furthermore that such a list has tl» dis- 


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aixi a£fo'^/Zv ,iiu'lij■„ji a\'2:d';ftcJ 3£ &,fAv 

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-xzjooii al di ns.'^j £iarid tol fnm%o£qm aCtfi^dlra |>/iifc-sffo«i;i& jxt 

jfi>©'X£n‘ai?^ fia9<£ eidsXi 8o«:lda88t?s dowtix o^iv \'C :!mJoot^ qS "^jne 

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-4th B m -so'x .oCulfeaoq U -i^atX'ko T.-i& 

,ti& h^:t£.osi:id tixxt X odi 0 ^ ti%Qt c-j ,v>c.o 'XiiX/rx'l 5 *aaq & al xdiXxcrx' 

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dX .iriif od iil mifi. Xrr ao ::?:cld£a^?)q asTd 

aril? .aacdojsiq; •;;ji^ od cordd^^. laizcwr satzis.,.WiilI I„i'©rc;xj d42ik' 

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■^ 2 «" 


advantage of malcing the selection mechanical rather than hoaane* inascaaeh 
as it does not consider personal charskj tori sties st«jh as ability, resource¬ 
fulness, and detemination, which mah© it possible for one disabled person 
to undertake what anotlier with similar limitations cannot fairly be eacpectod 
to tmdertalre successfully^ Such lists cannot present all the forms of eniF- 
ployment which may be possible in a given case, taking into consideration 
the conditions of Individuals and dependence affecting individuals. Special 
consldemtion'miy either restrict the selection within a Idnlted fieid, or, 
on the other hand, very materially extend the ran,^ of employability. 

In finding jobs for the handicapped we shouH consider the disabled man's 
capabilities rather than his disabilities, ani if we look carefully we 

will find many jobs for which the disabled individiml will qualify. If men 
are trained and put in those jobs, they Should, all else being equal, meet with 
success, To so qualify them is no easy task for it often reqtiires long and 
I)ains-taking woifc. The perseverance of the student, his native aptitude, 
n.TiA ills facility in overcomiIg his handicap will raateriaily prolong or decrease 
the length of time necessary for learning a trader but here, as in civil life, 
good teaching rrethods can greatly redxxce the time supposedly required for an 
apprenticeship in a given trade. 

The most successful mechanism for discovering possible jobs 1 a what is 
known as ths industrial suivey, with special reference to the placement of the 
handicapped. Such surveys were undertaken first, in a very informal way in 
Great Britain, where coinmittees studied certain trades and publisned statements 
of what opportunities there were in tiiose trades for disabled men. Canada 
followed and has done most thorough and intsnsive work. Work of this charac¬ 
ter brings easily within the range of the placement officer or vocational ad- 


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rlser a laige umaoer of jofea wiiioii caa siftod down ia yoXatioa to sts^y 
indiTldijal caso« Scwao will fouad oaeo 0 pt|.oaaily favorable; otiisi’s mediiss^ 
and so forth, and there will be discovered fostny processos that oo«ild not be 
tecwm Tml<^8 s«Me such eoale of operation wore cjrried out* 

ISany of owt veterims wiiO hate been disabled possess ccaisiderable fands- 
mntixX Imowledge of scjiae oae or other of the trades# ^?his training ^tonld 
not be disregarded but can be the better utilised by placiiig Ma ia some oas 
or other of the related trades wiisre this iaiowled^ will serve to advantage* 

For 0X0811^6,^ vi£ a 33 ^ who was a mobinist by trod© vsis badly disabled, ths^ro 
are various fors^ of bcnoh uoris:. such as rapsiriag oloctrioal iastnaaaBts* 
lens grinding, jBeehaniaal dentistry ^dworic of suoh nature. lenoe his pore- 
vioas knowledge will greatly facilitate his rehabilitstion if applied in sooie 
such mxnmv. 

It isad been stated lefoi^e tiiat every nan is bound in duty to render to 
both society and hi^isolf the tiie very best that is in him# With this priaoi;)^® 
in mind, the vocational adviser should t^ndeavor to ascertala wbetlier or not a 
man*s previous knoeledii:© cannot be made to equip him for a hi?>her statim in 
life. fake an esampio of a roan who has had a machinist’s training and has 
never risen to a higlasr level beoause, through soiae reai^n or otiier, he was 
a victim of circumstances. if he possesses a striking personality and his 
disability pfovos aot to b© too serious a >iandicap, he might be placed in seme 
capacity whore no can utiiia© this kuosNaedge in selling machinsts* tools. 
Innomorable instances r*iight be cited and they all prove the cohbaatien that 
proner selection fbr empleyment in any or all iKursuits must deal with personal 
equation and no sound judgment oan be made if generalities aloiae are applied. 

tm logical thing for the iUiterate farmer boy wlxo las been gassed dur¬ 
ing the war, is co* in a weakened condition, is to talcs a two years* 


Hi StiXit^r s«lH Tt^-4>.5-'if « Tsii’Jtir- 

^mLbm PMmiiix. cmI lU^r «ot>G Ijssiftl vllifKi 

jfrX^e ?ic^*i.-i.i5?JOfr:* Xtts> ,i?^tr'^. os to' 

■ ,4^0 «ifi»3-%K4i‘iM?“_ir‘RX>fcI. 

fdiPSt^ ax ;';. ,'iOt&^,tti ^ ISO Oi«; XO e^ftfiraSS^. ,, 

3iTo -ircNS, iii- Xixtrl ;fA-^ ,3!es<r. 

\£&M fi^-■'wcT Oif-w -/x^aai « -^iV, r 

- ^X&m^-^rt^aim X«tii^v p*>i'a *iWA’'-i445cri»^ Ic aj^ottCT €n:« 

e|4. »€i^*-?4gr J'3^.^ ?o x’xtsJ.tmh afj^I 

-' «*s^ l.t xxti. o^6£*s^ -3;*cXff 

^ ■.'. ' V:..'^ .■, ... , .^ ..^i4£^UIS iCaST: 

^ : 'cs •s!^m oi ise XmX feM tl;,. - -■ 

4&X(|Jc>i«iiSi? Jr/i:i mi ji nrfi^-4 <lt.U ’!ii:Ivvs;;ci4 ‘44^-©«3 i440’l 

■•A' !?*>’-' ■-? ' ■' - ' 

<» 4«ia ^xo fi^ "SO’sr-5J3.v> X*-r'‘ Iai>5^ mdi ^tsiiSf (ft ■ 

mXj'^XS•* «*!;! ■ !<*0 if:^& !»4 Xi>xiJipK) 

. &‘Si^ ^jnri-ffi^’^4 s?fei/irl‘ff^:f.r c >v-*3i.'ijrfyr jfeia:t; .^j '.• o> ;i>JU^tei?s»i ltd €4^ 

p^v #11 •«:■ ^i^-^rjissn -Qii*©* gOfouso^d pj^9£ *i?!rt:4i^ « »«t 

■'ii. ^ gii JdlT « ' 

, Hi iy-:.ii:^-:^xi ^ is.r:pt*i:m r^' 

- . ;■ '!|gjXX,4fia iU xsas? &<4 ti!xS:?{«; ■^XaaiK^s^ 

X«e^ 43jU«^ifis&^Xfc:^ ito*j-.C 4 iLi- ri W* *yoq-c--rv 

M ^^=fVr.Wt. i/ii3J'^ CWf id6i>; rtc>*4fijspe> 

«ilitri XV, ;iy «/■> H .•>*., Ki^-'ll f J* ^‘’T : .... 


.ii"!.. 


- 64 - 


agricultTipal course in general farming from a poractical standpoint. He is 
just that fflnoh iJetter fanner when he goes hack and the nation, as a whole* 
profits from the knowledge that hoy has been giren. It not only teaches 
him the practical n^thods of production hut he win in turn impart to the 
neighbors in the community the knowledge he has ac<i^uired. Subjects that 
are taught a man in agriculture are nob all essentially agricultural; he is 
instructed in the most practical buildings methods * proper drainage ^sterns* 
and the principles of sanitation. He is also taught community work, de- 
Telopment of the community spirit, marketing products, and amusements and en¬ 
tertainment to relieve the monotony of farm existence* 

A measure beneficial to both our national economy and to the problem 
of soldier rehabilitation is the placement on farms of such men as are not af¬ 
flicted with tuberculosis, but have suffered the loss of a limb, and who co’ild, 
with the aid of prosthetic appliances, be sufficiently rehabilitated to take 
up this very necessary woi^. There are millions of arid, swamp and cut-over 
timber lands which, if prepared for cultivation, would vastly Increase our 
national food supply furnish a surplus which will likewise find a market 
in foreign countries. As fast as the preliminary task of clearing the land 

has been performed, the men should be assisted by Government loans to estab¬ 
lish th^selves as farmers, either as owners or as tenants, having long-time 
leases. It is essential ^Imt both the woric of preparation and the subse¬ 
quent settlement of the land should be effected by groups or colonies, and 
not by men living independently of ©ns anotherg in depressing isolation. 

The importance of the project as an item of social r^orm is obvious* Hot 
only could our disabled veterans be engaged in this work, but the services 


4i fir. ,.itDtu4i» ?9jn' k-^:;v; ’if:.■'^:.‘j: Aois?^.: itiii< 

fior^DT.si^ 'Y,I.^o o'c/i uj >jct3vX\i iss^-aL* <i./j[ a^vj^r/r^ofcs s»f- wini «iiil<yxg 

Oi'irf »'- :>“ jyI IXiw -^if 4f»u^ $f£li “to fiXcatet. iJSfii^03TJ| fids kM 

^si5: ed'j' ^5tS'4 iri ’i.'3:od'ii:^i:(a.i 

erf ^I:'4XXex:^!r^afi .$ li& .!o-ri w^jer, e*i;j J.U'SiT^ i .3 fi’iB 

9r^&£Lu-:*xh '•£ssg<n£\^; , sX©a5fiLn,;>,j£ic:fi:i,rr^ x'i Jbe^JOij^irfsai 

-aS tU'iXJmmo cei? si «H lo OitiT jE>r.« 

•«tt® ^jSJ? to ^ \slmsi<-nL- »rf-3 ^ 6 ■\Ji‘CSJSqcXfiv" 

Xr: v;£tD302?,CiP. 4tt J' ^V3iI-:.-i ^3' 

iL^Xt’Q%x v-f^DC03 :X'rjcy.5-iij£g *fro--ii4^ 'M l>yJ.'vV::{-t^H v.rtSAcit, *'■’" ■ ■*-' 

•U. joT- ax; ;i^xr. at cdX nt jncli‘»3iif<^c{syx 3:^1 &lo a 

..bUfC^ ot^w to- ^:o£ ;rfij nilv/ 

er^5?.3 o;^ e-if ^ aC'0;i'i*XXgt?6 5c L'iJS 

■'S©VG-3iJ'0 XiEt£; gigJS'aFfi J.t ?-43«>iXIljl r.'ni:. * 4 ( 701 ^ '■^3:©V 

'f5'0 ^coJrfiiTi^tijjO tsoI i^s^isgtrrq 'Vi ,rfrfir:r aX/jitl * 

©-ixmXXX IXi?s^ .v-r .rfnlxrixi^ £«<> ^Igrrifs l£^©X343ft 

iitXiX x^i*# ^jsXTE.f''-cji4> 5o -^Ss 63 ■^r^xxiifiiiXs’tq ciJ3 aA .s-s*i'jv i!ato.Q r^jiifi’ic^A j>? 

03 sr^ex Sis^drs^xoX^ x^S fc«3siG«x^ t>rf Mr;Ofc’-e xjocr k&M a^j/i 

sr ^:.< ;-riwfw’’C e/.^ '<tf{i^f,o ,ax:- fijfi'«IeCir-©:'3 ilaii 
m;: Inj^. AioXX^-^is^rq 5c ixc:^"su3 Xius'^jr «i u 

ij-xfc ^54ii/<olo-o ifo fKxw<?s^ S©3 o?> 553 jbXxrMfi jfjocl ‘^o 3.Fec.,oX33iSJXi 3'xf»fl:^ 
♦licx^fiXoal sri24e^g©i> ;VfO to f^jtiiril s§<r% ijrf 3oa 

4 0fi. .^Sfoivrfc Qi ^>0 29^3 i £te y,- 3o«to‘iG 3x13 lb -t?x?i'3^Dg2r.i Oif^ 

®r3 3i?€f aiiit ffr A'j,\r-»^iiu cX {2c:»*re3GT aoo jui'yoxj -jlco 


- 66 - 


of able-bodied men aighfe very well be enlisted* Btaployment would 
theireby be afforded large numbers, the number of farm owners would be 
greatly increased, and the cost of living would be lowered by increasing 
the amount of agricultural products. If it is to assume any consider¬ 
able proportions, it must be carried out by the joint cooperation of the 
Crovemments of the United States and of the several states. Should it 
be undertaken under these auspioes, and operated <m a systematic scale* 
it would easily become one of the most beneficial reform measures that has 
ever been attea^ted. 

Meohanical dentistry has been practiced in a more or less scientific 
manner for over a thousand years, althou^ its practical worth has been 
appreciated only in rec^t years. It will be of interest to note that 
in the Ihiited States alone there are nearly 1,000 cities of more than 
5,000 population, the smallest of which would eiffoid employment to one 
mechanical ddntist. Of the total number of cities, sixty have populations 
ranging from 40,000 to 100,000, hence a proportionately larger number could 
here nnd «iployment. Forty of these sixty hare populations of 100,000 
and over. lew YotIh is the largest and it is estimated that it alone af¬ 
fords eH 5 >loyment for thousands of mechanical dentists. Dental mechanics 
who possess sldLll and business acumen may establi^ laboratories of their 
own anl solicit the business of a nuniber of dentists who do not have enough 
work to oaploy a dental mechanic. in the absence of the necessary capital, 
lie may work for a wage which, although very xu^ainal to start with, may be 
expected to pay quite well , and his progress will depend on the ability 

, Of course the essentials for success in such a business 


irtiich he acquires 




>^4 yjrv 9 Jt>ci.ti>c?<f'-*I to 

c4 ^il>;ow zru'^X Uo &it ^a*r^a«s«i k^%,^.uU t^cfoT^U 

7}.^i?5>‘^^*ic^iii '5^1 tt^'JCti->,cX tuis' Xiorjw to JS'apo acfo ,isov:;„-..-iu^ijL 

-TiOi^ ai.'Tf;.,^,^, OiT tu o'i t-1 to :tf:vOiSi. ajlv 

to iroi^-e*!tiDooo ^aaJ .:’>;.o &4 fu^iss fcsl«i'js 

j?i; .u^y'^eft '< 4 j.q tm ifOStc^} sclJ to 

^.j^X'-oa *> m b'iJL" osojci'cJ 'jolijocf £4 

ii^;4! >» Jzm. to cue ;J«^f-U©Cl -feXj^OW 

-uiii-i "xc iii j?i;<?oe' v*2:3 Xjl^oJ:<usi1o4?M 

it5^>v» ®*5i:i ; X‘i'.:'. xevltt- ■’^i «i^l t;|i:cr.?X£'. , ^ ^r/o 'xot 'lo.'riiis® 

_ . ' 3><id tf: Xiijr tl ,3':.-^*; oeX ■;^x>. 

,a?.!<f ■•y‘it>r 'ifo 4 ja£;jXw Ccr, .* 'ji’rxjs.fi tod'iiS;; ari^- ai 

o#io 0^ tn ■:;a.i;oX j,j?-e .'-•^olrti;- JbX.'/r-v noid.vlo jt-oIXi^Fi- et>tt , aoXijgli^cxaT CCOj -X 
ov*d -t\4.?i .e^iiXo lo ^briSSiS^f X.i30vt erd- tO XAiGiJi^oo»r 

I^X/.oo i;XaX^«cix « ec;ff?^^ ,£H)C,OvX oS 

©00,COX tio x;itui‘4fci.5t'-xo-4. ff'v's.fl 5*:s'iltf '*0 >23i;o'' 5L , X-iXit srtstf 

^'i/i 4t. 4X i»£^; cttU el A'ioji i.sM .t^vc JEajs 

.u;ii.w/?0'3is X.^^'^;3a<l .aiai^soi to s-om’ajicKlJ -[tol aXxot 

tt> 55®i*iod.;i'roJX5X sassm^r astxitX^'rf IXliia 0’-*k 

dgLT-nO tou ci> 0:.:^F. lO tO asoaXwVtf C.i^ ^ioXXOi. X.-Oi Xi-^0 

,Xv»wX^|ito ©I'Cv tO: .«»«■■*»«d8 ©«} -jtX _ •oif££idos:i X^-t'ioii i:. \;C'X''..vi-o vOxo® 

Of? Is-4.^X:C« ,i?ai;rte le 3t^w or! 

k^i4 .so i£>ii5^-o£^ Xix^i? Bi.\ XrdEj , lissv v^tr oo Jb»;ro®-.^o 

-ssoi^isir-.,' ylc>i/a ui tel siX^i^waiiO otT’S,>cajtjr.o OjX 


— 66 — 


are tlje saioe as may 1>e expected of arjy man who aspires to success In any 
other line of business. Mechanical dentistry plays a vital part is main¬ 
taining and increasing human efficiency, hence the slcilled dental mechanic 
may be proud of his wor^ and may derive a three-foU satisfaction from it, 
namely* the pleasure of the worh itself , the gratification of a fairly 
lucrative return and the satisfaction that comes fz^m the knowledge that it 
is of benefit to mankiM. 

The chances for success in the baking industry are as great as in any 
other# It is vejy seldc^a you hear or read about the failure of a well- 
established bake-shop, for it is a staple industry. One contemplating pro¬ 
prietorship in this business shoxild be a man who can get along with men; one 
to win their confidences, cooperation and best endeavors* Trade schools 
for bakers, with ample facilities, are quite niaaerous, and varions bakers* 
and milling journals to suppl^toent the school work, enable the student to ac¬ 
quire a chemical knowledge of the raw materials, baking nachinery, and how to 
handle ovens# 

The milling industry likewise affords vast opportunities and the wages 
paid in these various occupations are corancBisurate with tl^se in similar in¬ 
dustries. Milling is entirely an indoors occupation and one which shcmld 
not be undertaken by any person afflicted with tuberculosis. A'miller , 
should be agile and capable of endiiraaoe# Many of the occupations in the 
mill require considerable climbing and miking, making it a serious handicap 
for a person who has lost a limb (unless he has become proficient in the use 
of an artificial limb), or for one who is afflicted with rheumatism. Gener¬ 
ally speaking, the loss of an eye would not interfere, nor wouM dullness of 
hearing. Stiffness of the aam and incaaplete movements of the arms and 


-,!» lii ci ssniaa.'. o- sum^ 'i^e 'll' od ji.® e--. s’la 

jTj: - - '■v>'X;. Xs-dic^doo' .iia'-ia-oJ no sail 'loxaso 

ssS eofcaii .'ioosisilis io'^au* i>f5& '^iiioisid 

,ii imn'i XXo'-bst-;# £ oTiwti -^ea tft» atcw sia & fiEOia ad 

Xl%i^ it Vo ooi S'iow ‘JiSJ lo s.-ara«alfi fifli i 

ii 3«i<J mrniimct^ titli .»m t* : J «GiJr-o-r,2Z.t£:e mo JO'. aviSe^soi 

xm 6- ■.■ £ih*:.i.-r.' -u: -z;w/-oei:iri ’S4%' 

f ^rXi^'. ttx oiSf^xi 8t -ifi 

-C’la eiK> 

^i'C .ifniC' uXiiv /5ij© e -ssf as-.. - ij s«i S.,i--?ifia a txi 

slooj?f6e. Oii*?'!:';■ .«"■■:■ :'W .. ?r ;j.r' i:-:^a4 fi.^i*‘ 

-oii 4aeX^>T;)-s ?!ilffi-ji« -4'^^'^ Ioos^-ub i^-3 jtffOKK?Xrjinr--K t,4iiXi;2^ Istii 

-•. :■■•■•• , ai»'9T0 

£ty&s.w «.if3 i-SEfc ?^X3i.fTv:t'iQi^lc 

fi£ &ctiui.vri?‘f'^‘-G!f3 g*xb xx.ol'.ii-v 0 . 2 ■ja-; at X'Xf.xx 

MX'^^us ii2?Xxi?w €^^10 -£f<}i:j^(?siv‘oe aiooiiEi:/ xib '^iyi- Ui:® os ■; x^XXXx,..-- 

o^:/"rf efint le .'aonss-xs*!^-';-' ‘'■o ^XX^Cfi^o X'>3vg slxj^ .©d -feX^f^^ds 

^ ,vjJi^Xx.^ to -iTidaile s.i€£'t^.eXs^^ IXii-t 

er^r ©r4 jxx ^s:0m^ zj^A eS'©l/«sr! diXi ^ d«oX 5:5?ii c;"' i4i;K.^;:^';r x 

~W€^3 nX£w si or-y-''©«o *ic;l ’id a.v 

saa/?Xiir6 %cn Xc.^ s.-Xixxw ^ -^Ilt; 



- 67 - 


fiiigers woul^, if considarable, disqualify a man for general (^pleyment 

in the milling industry. Men affected with shell-shock might he able to 

do good work in a mill. Flour milling may Justly be reo<^nized as one of 

the most essential industries, and the great wh^t belt, situated, for the 

most part, in the central^ north central and Bacific coast regions of this 

country, gives employment at excellent waiges to several thousand e!! 5 )loyees. 

It is another of our great staple industries, and the need for millers is 

\ 

very urgent and is becoming more so every day, hence a trained man would 
have no difficulty in finding a good position. 

As a general proposition, work on the ways in the shipyards is not 
readily available to a man with considerable handicap for it requires 
ability to climb, sure-footedness, good eyesight, and sufficient use of 
the hands and fingers as not to prevent good grip and ability of the uorlmr 
to support himself by his hands. The loss of an eye is not necessarily an 
exclusion unless the particular occupation be of such a hazardous nature 
tliat tl» risk of suffering total sight disability as a result of having his 
one sound eye injured, is too great. As a genera rule# daafr^ss in one 
ear only should not disqualify the worker tT<m ship-yard ernployment. 

Training laay be considered as c< 3 Hq>l©t 6 d whoa the trainee is able to 
earn wages equal to those paid to other workers in ti^ same type of Job* 
Vocational rehabilitation is not ei^let© until the trains© is placed in the 
Job for wliioh he lias been trained, and it has been demonstrated that he can 
hold it in cGHQjetition. Training men for Jobs which they can follow only 
uxider sheltered or controlled conditions is not, as has been stated before. 


‘Tj r^'I'f:?. J.i ::iov;jt4^.^];€..r^s i:>)^Jt\;'^aiaXlLit ortcT f!X 
VO ^Ho SJC Ni«Lti.iX4t’0^n £='' : [ic'j--; ^jass, gisiXIJ^ 'irjorv i: fii ^ti:<5V/‘ ijoc?;:; oi? 

tf’lj fifc; ^geiiti^iaJixri 

aiv5 \o ii.t\ot%cri sjUrrosS. JbB*® tTj'Sor, , ssi d-TL??*** ;Jaoi?= 

^e^^evpIipK© X r;ia?/Off'4 otf t^?-'!$j£?« ?i.;'?£.D?0‘'' " >fi: v'r.'.sffT,Gl03?er 

ei e^tvXlAii^ 1 C^ srfa i’rtfc ,3S‘i'S:;?ajEl«X 6L:;V:;« ^/jf-T njjo "to ai il 

f ifttm SiM: biatiil^A^ i' .*«5ri> >;lt.’i^GC'C'tf E* Y,iav 

,i2oL l2<x^ 1^C'Q5 e*. 'n/ribas'^ uf yjti'ol'^.yib Cia err^d 
at p'ics^v v+Xecyo*!S[f j? ^ 

G^lhpe>t 4 I cr‘i'Oii?v.?r^ 3 X-V iiii"- ae^ ^ - 

So oo:^; Xm/XO-lVV>.a i^xj*. Xjoa.v,. , , cTj^lXo o;f 

■2i;?:i£0«r'^'3- 1^ -Y^t£x&.. i^oS ;Je/i ;>,4s crre^isiS i»J2fi aJ^iixai’ ■ 

jRiP ci S-Y9 itifo Ic Saol sxiS' c. Xii va Sleasrid J'xo^qjrg 0 ^ 

3*a:c^«u-£ rli>ii$ So i'fol^jtscfsioao tuals^oi^-sq siU ouslcxs ix-iifesirlox^ 

«i£f Vo dixiJiv-i .3 an \,^xiid/:$Xi3 xfjtjixxis Ijs"c?oi Ito :'^.t*i ocliJ 

■-■■»co j3ti"Vg.&i5f3S'.E«:X'- ,<fXi>'s X'. aA o<»X lixccoe aa'O 

'* ■■ ' . rc'xl *iia;i*xc<£' YS/i^pfil'i;' io;i tii-eda %in.Q *Lm 

0 3- oXrU-. £l e^^ii-'-'cv afciV. i-i-xa^iertoc ad - ' 

.oct to ocjvi fVurfo "SO •-J'O c^ Biv-q oat-^'j OS' Xx^xr^t'S aov'-'^vv 

aO'J rxX ,;i>ocjsIq; ax a:?oi<f^ioo Xo.t: ai Iv^toijribooY 

ax^;o s^v*,? jbs;^>4’3rt'’AfrvJ8dX ais-d ;rf l^fiK .tvao<; iiox-•'ar t,cS rfof, 

‘rX^iO '^:^XIOV XSfeo itoXi >:'SifOi, lol ifOffi ,^U-;X.S‘XS . jXOi^ c j £<>..^. :■-■ aX »1x XXOfC 

o^dojv eiS£.‘xx, v^o*'’’ tiX «^'0x^Xi^rT<.‘0 ^»oiio*s.-r;cjc' '5.G ’xo ijaf 


- 68 - 


tbs aim of tiis Veterans Bureau in vocational rebabilitatioa. In special 
cases of such severe disablement that a man. can only be, at best, a par¬ 
tially competent worlter, special employment conditions are justified and 
should be sou^t. Sound advisement will always have in view ti» final 
placement of the disabled man in a job under normal competitive conditions* 
Usually the advis^aent and training will be successful in proportion as 
there is taken into account the rehabilitated man’s present abilities and 
desires built upon his previous experience and efforts* 

She Veterans’ Bureau should not be the only agency to be charged with 
ti© direct responsibility for placement of these disabled men wiio have been 
trained* liivory att^apt should be made to secure the cooperation of other 
agencies engaged in placement work and organizations interested in or know¬ 
ing about the possibiliti^ of placement for these men. Such agencies 
would include |»iblic employment agencies, eaployment managers and associations, 
labor organizations voluntary societies and organizations, as well as indi¬ 
viduals who may be interested in the rehabilitation of disabled men, 
training return to employment of our disabled soldi^s and sailors is a 
social Bcvement ^ould be so regarded by administration boards in charge 


of the worls# 




« , Je-fiws in ,€«4 %Lt<y jr^-o xjks:' *s i'Ca/a %<> ciMWi^ 

Jbisa £ .?m4?>j!fu 3?/^ «iiOi4i^4> «t£iSE#ioX^# X .-iS3(«€!9r 4.f«»4r)^G^ ^11^14 

ijiSit «>tii V?cxv 4Ti: vVsai. £Ii» bl'aroda 

«lU^foXi a-Tiaiiltsc^t^ ii<fe£isxr (io^ nt nfiiiiu. f^sXisfitiSLrjfe jjtoaftoslij 

1U8 jr«U*i0fXsn^ ili s i5« XXlir ^fife^4W4 JLj«« W-iesa#':* iviijt %lXe^9^ 

iscus 5^C!&43»^ a-*jE««s l>€^4■«^J^X<^^£i^ia0^»: Cr«J«i ixQ:;i«'^ «1 ©ic«il4 

^mi^H^im ^*^tXxnq aid aa^s^t 

dltvr 9r o4 cous^ zijS0 ml^ 4^- J3»e«>-<^ -, 

ffS®«S U!&t& lti^£{fj:j$ ili ccmtil lo 4.gwa8&s>iei<T rtoi 4C>!3rj:JU& «ti4 

te jsol^^e^y^c^ '\r oos 4l nr-tm bU:td^ 4crj»»44» ,i»aM’s4 

-e«raf i5i' i«4a*ri^itii£x eccttafeXi^^l^A Jtea ixdsr 4*^o«X^ ill j&^^s 

ii92i?<^ ,itSi*£o- laoiiEii r^iit 4£-okt^s^Xit v;iii 

• asia^e'^s «ii<feai afifc'Xoiu -felncw 

-fci»sl SI. il«w 1&B tox ^4Kto£©r «n©14*ai«33a^ 

€HfX- «is«jt: i>&i4l«^ij:- Ito mim^lii<'>^m aa# si #<^-.1|;^Mi^ <!»« Aa^syMr 

a M a^^Xi^Ssa l>^&8 a’8®l/?X<>« j;^i44'5ali> 0 I Ijtm 

ul mni:od xd aa £>Jjima» X&idoa 


»2«*X<}«-- ^*4 


- 69 - 


CHiPEEH m. 

EBOPOSED MEASURES. 

An incident is personally known to the writer where an ex-service man, 
at the expimtioa of his milltaiy service, applied to his former employer 
for his old position^ investigation of tije facts of the case elicited the 
inforraation that his services iiad been entirely satisfactory; that he had 
heen diligent and industrious in the performance of all his duties, and, ac¬ 
cording to all tliat is right and just, he was entirely deserving of every 
consideration. The ^ployer very blandly remarked to his one-time employee 
tiiat his services were to be permanently dispensed with for tlie reason that 
when the latter saw fit to sever his connections with the firm and enter the 
military service, no consideration was giv^ the sraployBr because the sub¬ 
sequent inc^venience caused by this separaticn. This is intended only ae 
an illustration, for it is simply an argument by induction. Happily, such 
infamous scoundrels have been very few, but let not other employers be like 
to him even in degree. 

All of us have been tixrilled with the manner in which our soldiers bore 
the brunt of battle "over there”. Ours is a coHsaon debt and with particular 
reference to the en^loyers of America, it is reasonable to assert that they 
are charged with the duty of cooperation. The ea^loyment of these handi¬ 
capped men should be considered from a strictly business view—pointy and any 
appeal sent otit in their behalf should not be in the fora of charity, conse¬ 
quently befoie any ©aployer, in his natural desire to show his appreciation 
and patriotism by giving these returned soldiers a helping hand, comraits him¬ 
self to a program for re-employing his own disabled men, or for taking on new 


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rM^t M'yijjild ?r>x’w luo ;:-..-a.i;l ©’to Itc tic -rval j-Xo eivi %^■■'i. 

b£x< '.UVt X.’-;:i <i<^wX o ti jCTc.'X:^i:a:2'tf>‘jRt 

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vtM& .to f:?JC•^;'^M■•-■■^o:-,.';v ma^rilmw or ©ff feXirofta we«it h^^::.c 

“Lsaxtcfi 5o CTiC^t >.iX 5c*: X^iiCsris lixjiied xft oi^o fe&a X/c4?*jf^gB 

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fio .;,:tt?r5--5 »«.■ ,f?C5fflc ja?:-o i^I.i :2i.t>/.-i:rTcr.-<w©‘x tol .e.r-rWAi; * ^5 l-Iss 


- 70 - 


men injiired in the service, it is imperative that he look the tling squarely 
in 1326 face and study this prohlem of iisin^ handicapp^ soldiers in his par¬ 
ticular estahliahment in the clear li^t of questions such ais thesej Is 
every position that I am offering one that a handicapped man can fill with 
real efficiency and without undue strain mpon his reduced vitalityf Is tl«i 
position one of an opportunist nature T^rehy, when business beoonms slacks 
it may be necessary to reduce the personnel? ija I going to be influenced 
in the matter of prcmotions by the fact that a handicapped ^nployee is less 
able than a nozmal one, to compete for another position? Is the employ¬ 
ment of these handicapped men being given in the guise of patriotism, in or¬ 
der that I may seek more favorable public sentiment? 

Kie Government's side of the proposed plan of cooperation is that it 
will provide the proper training; amd that no position will be asked for on 
any ground except that of a man*s efficiency, and if he does not make good, 
he will be taken as?ay and, if possible, trailed for something else. ©le 
other side rests in the hands of the employing public, and the whole sensible 
scheme will avail nothing unless every employer appreciates the fact that it 
is his duty to give these men who have been injured in his behalf a fair 
chance and a reasonable time to make good. in other woirds, the interests 
of the handicapped man, of the employer, of the labor market, and of society 
in general, must all receive equal treatment. 

It would bo well for the United States to pat into operation a measure 
successfully conducted in ^*rance, whereby large industrial plants are asked 
to install special work-shops in which war cripples can serve an apprentice¬ 
ship in ei thar their old trade or a new one* ©le success of such a picgram 


ji . sni-*xo« 


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alxf tti I^q£iOtjbja»M 'Stlsu ‘ic -/i— c'^’A ol 

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friiw iX.t1r n.CiC aii^ x; 000 :§if£?‘'t&* 1:0 a»*5 X a^iXt»otr 

esf?^ cX tx^XXjFiJ t‘1' «iit ito<^ i'rfediiv’ \ac^lOi;4jXo 

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eXaO'icsJJii OtfS . elnow £fl oXjsas ^tuS i>ii<JSi5vS4iC^*£ i-, la,,.; 0Ci:ii.if0 

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Ijinui i4tifeiX-i .Ul^XsirjJfefri ^^Oiud'^ ni D 0 :>oiil>aco r,XIi;'tD3Sfaf/rr 

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jtSiTT^ctsq' iioca lo iraijcows 0 «'A* ..Seto ws>% fi *&y 0 Xkfc*- ;f XXo 'jfio^CS r9ii-< &. iii qi/ii: 



-71- 


for the greater utilization of these physically impaired inea will depend 
not only upon the cooperation of ©nptoyers, as stated abcwe, hut also upon 
that giyen hy vailous departmental foremen in plants nudertalcing such work. 
It is Indeed true that the duty of the foreman is to conduct his department 
along efficient and productive lines, and for this reason it may oftentimes 
happen that he may assume the attitude that his department cannot be so 
operated unless he has workers who are physically unimpaired. It therefore 
beoonaes essential that the foreman’s cooperation be secured, and his inter¬ 
est enlisted in the matter of placing men in his departm^t whom^ upon first 
impression, and without a thorou^ 3aiowledge of what a hand.icapped worker 
can do, he might be Inclined to reject without thorough consideration* 

«Society”, said Bope Leo XIII, ”ean be healed in no other way than by 
a return to Christian life and Christian Institutions. The truth of these 
words is more widely perceived today than when they were written, more than 
twenty—seven years ago. Changes in our economic and social ^sterns will 
have only partial and feeble efficiency if they are not reenforced by the 
Christian view of work and wealth. Heithear moderate refoims nor any pro¬ 
gram of betterment of reconstruction will prove reasonably effective with¬ 
out a reform in spirit of both labor and capital. The laborer imist come 
to realize that he owes his employer ^ society an honest day’s work in 
return for a fair wage, and that conditions cannot be substantially im¬ 
proved until he routes out the desire to get a maxiBam return for a mini- 
iBom of service. Ti» capitalist most iltowise get a new viewpoint. He 
needs to leam the long—forgotten truth that wealth is stewardship; that 
profit-making is not the basic justification of business enterprise; and 


Iliw \:i oi^-r :/\3 ‘^.o n^A <y^xlitSS tol. 

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slxj 7»jL:',t*;£>t' et X jprfv* 1o \ijsb Sfr'jit i5>«>inl ai vl 

5-'-..o x&it :^i: $.h\t r ISiV avl^otk^y'r^ ^fi& -^oX^ 

05 ^ JOiW'i? 7^‘^?>-47£ii5p. .;, .t^. * Stl^ 5jai:.il-} ^r, eiU «5d«9?f^4S --i HO-T.jTiC' 

GTO'la'iSJt^ xi:0*T Ui^6:.ii5Ur ^IX £ Ot£ 5\,Jq aOii O/tlSf «73 '.c76v^ -ir/.' aSsXSR' iJfilfifOqO 

-‘•xoN^jCri siif JfefiQS: acf i’joi:J;£^3q;occ s'XL0?;vrfj0.i Xsi*a&£^^ z^'-o^'^fi 

sk^il siOfiij mi^^y ^msiitm0k .'‘.M irf isfiai ^i.t.ojslY ' ^ 7e^ ‘ ex 

o^;^xko10jC8k- £ d’jss^? t*:c. xj Ijft* ,froi5Sfc)*i^iiu 

*r‘3i^/'70;:la£foo ij^'oiror'J ^*'7avX» .^Qe;«5^3: c^ W X -^Is at£ »ot jsi.o 

v.-:i *if>',^7'0 Cii tix Siii>i£-i!i m oo-l zx^tH. ,*^taxeoS^’ 

Jii a'Ht' itf^0x.tfx:5-X^^;:ii; fcU^^X^tlO x^m ^yiil o.* sriirriot .x 

a^i &xo^si o*a«'3 iiO:r^ wxibov b^v:po's-^.^ ifioar slj’sow 

\ 

l£iZ' 'SP'S}J Laz-df -iJ i>fS OXX uXTSOO-S '^fTii sU e-0C‘5i,<'ii'iCi -Oj?^ aT^S^Y il#V0(2-’ 

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eTi.10:^11^ XiX ty iToty o;-*i;t^.r?oo^W[ ■'lo ■?i:o 

0X00 XaiJrx •■o^O'uM Siif .I*Xi<Ti5C XsiV r^Xoc' lo st.i {ifw'i::^£'& iwo 

Ki xf'^ow iss ^s-^xscG Jjc.^ aiff a^v/o Sti oslL^vi cs 

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s •^■ot■ irstam m^xxat: b ^i -'eaX- &fjo e^i XX7i?.o ifpToi^ 

£iH ,^A£0gw?:»iy..wa£i £, aBX^SDTXX dr.tjp- dsilxid-xto "xg eg-^ 

: jiifid Xii ymd ddxnti jcy^tcol-?.^»cX aod oz aXo^s 

iiits if,S8Xti.q-^-^.:!^ «^©fcisi^icf to £tcJ. 0 « si ':S::-J.t,<zs--Sx^ 0 ^- 


that there are sach tilings as fair profits, fair interest and fair priees. 
Above and before all, h© must cultivate and strengtlieii within his the 
\i«*uth which aany of his class grasped for the first tiiae during the World 
War, nazrely, that the laborer is a huoian being, not lasrely an instruzaent of 
production, and that the laborer’s right to a decent livelihood is the first 
nK>ral charge upon industry.* 2he eij^loyer has the right to get a reasonable 
living out of his business but he has no right to interest on his investment 
until his employees have obtained at least living wages. Those are the 
hosane and Christian, in contrast to the purely commsrciaX and pagan, ethics 
of industry. 


Australia and Canada have developed what has come to be known as the 
farm colony. Sa^rts have admitted that the soldier will not take up an 
unbrolsen piece of land where ho is isolated from his fellows. Official 
conmissions in England and Australia have developed plans by efoich the state 
sells to these veterans ready<-made farms of from three to thirty acres, vdiich 
a single man can cultivate. The faims are grouped about a comtsnnity with 
edueatimial, recreational smd cooperative agencies for marketing and baying, 
an educational expert directs the activities of the colony. The exper- 
iezice of Australia in this field, and Vemtajrk, as well,has demonstrated that 
men will remain on the farm under these conditions! that production is in¬ 
creased! and a new interest in agriculture awakened. It must again be re¬ 
iterated that such a program should be carried out in the Ifeiited States. 

These colonies should be located as near cities and aarlsts as possible. 
Eavoiable locations are plentiful in New England and in the settled central 
and western states. Each colony should be adjusted to a special kind of 


• itl ^iiiln ,vjcJ:’iv?'sq ^ic'i 3oi d'-^.i.-'.i dofi., 

,|j.t:0:^ Sxif V v,m-2c g..’i&s?IcX*.o ^2J:;5. t?votfA 

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wa'ti'i #0^ fsecc'-iisvi^ 

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txrCv^ 01 ^ :-£iiTiX l>=o£Tlsido «oo\oji^£?a$ -?lrl £l^d;ff 

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'"':':J-: -^, ■ ■ , . .-v^lau-riil to 

trcf ai ts^ro*) ujik; eXw^rtsO j&rjt ^ilxriisijl 

a« 0^^ ;:«a i.Lvh %kdzi’^& l£f,ta«T3<;racS .'^ixoXoo 

. X£-ioXt':^ ^si--tfoXI«lL &iui isro^T*: i>©^.;;Xcrt ?;X l3«tl to ti-4dxj'i4ssis 

stfi ^0.^/3^ xiS OttftXi? AWX feai? ei «££ol2«sXj»z.(oo 

iioltfs? ^:lnl.3‘i 05^ o<£'rJ^ rcT^ ’ ■' airi?^c>4.09 ewtcy:!^ o^ sXio^s 

ii'Xl :^' \ihmm-€/Z 45 4iJ'oc»^ Xxg^pcx'i:. 'svs- 253 ^'* oj-. V ■ sa© mm.^Qi\^hii #» 

^ * 

testol I^ssfOl 

-’ue.a^ .-^leo odt 10 oiU f^aCfoltvr^iXe ca Joa*'? 

Ojsalv iXt^^ -»4 ,lC^^»f^i^Ol:^ iaisftB it'X'X fii i&iXX'xi’ss.'.i to <d«d:50i 

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btaitm Oif^ jd! s4 it ::Iocf« .^;6c{-^ 

»or«lst3?o-'^; *« soirees: lad# Tti^ocr «:# l)Ov#.do-X hxrosSh d't ljtolo© cd3s?t^* 

srfj?- iiX to ^ws® isl .1 "lii-rvaXer' S':.*- o-itoors^ 

to i>xd:2f- I#lo*Kjt i ot is«|f hisjOi.i& ^oIf»o doxXi .d'^e^^a^isr J&fi* 


- 73 - 


farming. tractors and farm raachinersT should he cwmod to oosssou, as is 
now done in many parts of PennsylTanla ajid lew TorK State, in this way 
great economies are introduced while these fai^rs, through their coopeif- 
atlve agencies are able to protect, Ihemselves from those speculative 
interests that have contributed iMTgelj to making agriculture unprofitable* 

Such a program as this involves no permanent burden to the nation. 

It will pay for itself. America is in need of a big internal program in 
order to develop her resources and mal® the nation industrial and efficient. 

A big Agricultural program is deTaanded by the drift of population to the 
cities, the growth of tenancy, and the eahaustioa of the soil. if such a 
program is not adopted the alternative is continued and complete industrial 
depression and wide-spread suffering. 

One of the most difficult problems the Federal Board has had to face 
is that of the rehabilitation of the men v^o are mentally disabled. In car¬ 
der to get a better understanding of the needs of the psQrahoses oases the 
Board aou^t the advice of experts. It was the consensus of opinion of a 
board of psychiatrist advisers that the neurepsyohiatrie cases should be 
judged entirely differently from the average run of disabilities. The break¬ 
down under thft stress of military service of most neurop^chiatric cases was 
attributed to a defective nervous ^stem, hence their future occupation should 
be suish as to protect them from strain which would be litely to result in a 
second break-down. This board agreed that the problems presented by this 
endeavor constitute a pioneer work, whose results can not, at the present time, 
be predicted. SSuch depends upon the attitude of the patient toward self-helj^^ 


' ♦ I 


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♦ 

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- 74 - 


Prerocational training aM bowb form of supervisod ocoupational work 
were recoBuiandod as iJonsficial to patients in bospitals. As th« la» en¬ 
titles the patients to receive whatever will best aid in their restoration 
and in their progress toward citizenship, the opinion prevailed that the 
training should he oontinxisd even where there is little assurance of suc¬ 
cess* Much discussion resulted in hhe conclusion that psyohoneurotios 
should he placed in an institution hy themselves and others in training in 
institutions hy themselves. It was the general belief of the conference 
that few cases of psychoneurot ioa are capable of training. 

The rating of cases was pointed out as an extremely laborious task 
which demanded the closest cooperation between the Federal Board and the 
Public Health Service. Constitutional psychopathic and defective states 
were consiifered the a]©st difficult cases with which to deal; their feasi¬ 
bility for training was questionable in the opinion of the conference. 

Many difficult problems were presented for solution* The number of cases 
who appear for training when they are no longer entitled to it, the lack 
of facilities for training, the disposition of those who for a siiort time 
only will be able to carry, on before a permanent break-down occurs, and the 
large ntaaoer of men wlio have been discharged from hospitals but who need 
more or less supervision,- the conference recognized all the^ questions as 
of great importance. The salient points of the report sutaiitted by this 
committee on the problem of vocational and prevocational tinning for psychi¬ 
atric patients are;- 

(a) The prevocational training as available through the Federal Board 
for Vocational Mucation is highly approved as a theraijeutio measure 
for many cases. 


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-76- 


(b) It is ccmideped, eY«n tlie pi^hiatric patient is eon- 

▼alesoent, his interests will be better sersred to costimie atv 
the institution rather than to transfer hia t© another train¬ 
ing center* 

(e) It is not thought that a special training center is desirable 
for conTalescent p^ohiatrio patients. If, however, a partial 
training arrangement could be nade either individually or in 
conjunction with a special training center for neurotic cases, 
should this be established, certain patients would doubtless be 
benefited by such treatment during this intenoediary stage. 

Tbe conference gave particular consideration to the training possi¬ 
bilities for special types of neuropsychiatric cases, as epileptics, con¬ 
stitutional psychonexjrotics, and aorcms. As it was impossible, in so short 
a tizDs to draft anything definite as to the type of training best suited 
for neuropsychiatric cases, a cosanittee was appointed to a study during 
the next ’trwo or three months of the q,uestion of occupations for this class 
of cases. It was suggested that the recazssKidatiOBs of this committee be 
used as the basis for a future conference, as this question is not only of 
great- iaQiortanco to the disabled ex-service man but to the general public 
in its beari;^^ upon industry and the public health. 

Efforts are now being made to speed the construction of hospitals where 
American service mm, insane from their war experiences, may be treated. It 
is reported that an alarming condition exists due to the lack of proper 
facilities for quartering and treating the demented veterans* More than 
9,000 of these men i^ose afflictions range from harmless mental disorders 




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and high jmrrms tension to raving Insanity, are ecarfined in the Veterans* 
Bureau Hospitals alone, i^ile at least 4,000 more are held in contract ^in¬ 
stitutions, state and county insane asylums, and private ho^itals. 
Statistics considered to be from a reliable source note an increase of one 
percent each iK)nth in the number of iTiaa.TM» veterans* 

©30 lengley Bill, recently passed, provides for the construction of one 
neuro—psychiatric hospital in each of the Veterans* Bureau’s fourteen dis¬ 
tricts* ©rained personnel for the treatment of deaented veterans is greatly 
lacldng, however, and it would imperative that iismsdiate attenticm 
should be given to the matter of establishing a training center where these 
Who might be inclined to pursuo this wox^ might become properly qualified* 

©30 salary paid by the Gk^veznment is too inadequate to get the hi^ 
class of men who are thorou^ily competent to advise our disabled men in mak¬ 
ing a choice of a suitable occupation. A worthHshile compensation should 
be offered men s^ose trainix^ and experience in large enterprises and big 
o^rx>orations make them invaluable* it is merely a question of spending a 
fair amount of money to aco^plish cosac^ndable results or wasting thousands 
on middireeting men* 

Extensive centralisation of educaticmal facilities is i^ot in harmoiay 
with the theory ani practice of renosmed educators of both the past and the 
present* ©sere is, therefoie, the favorable evidence of precedent which, 
though invaluable for infon»tion, is not always ©(soducive to pre^ss if 
taken as authority. Becdntrallsation into units of saaller size affords 
many advantages. ©le transmission of character and ideals comes the better 
by personal, intimate contact of maturity with imeaturity, of the ^periesiced 


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-. 77 - 


with the inezperieiKsedy which only can be ^hmished to a small g 2 *oup. 

!Kje discovery of tl» stx^^t^s aptitudes, ths coimsel, the encouragement^ 
and advice necessary for oigaaiaing his personality - th^e mst be indi¬ 
vidual, p^sonal undertaJdLngs* How deplorable is the fact that aahy col¬ 
lege students never have an opportimity to discuss their affairs seriously 
and at length with any laature person* 

Centralised training in a large sense is not pxaotieal for several 
reasons. Men say that the mr is over - ”Fini le gi^rre” - that they will 
not live in camps or cantonments or be under restricticms similar to those 
they experienced during ti» war; that they want to iseep out where they can 
be independent q£ anything that can be regarded as miXitaristiQ* tOhen 
again, many of the men are married and they ^^isnot tahe their wives and 
children to these camps. 


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- 78 - 


CHAPfER VIII. 

BrSUHARCE OF iCTSABElST - OEHISALIZED KJBLIG OOSMOIi IS aiHB SOU; (JUAMOTB* 


It is an eisellent plan of th« Vetei^ns* Bureau to coi^time to act as 
the official friend and adviser of the disabled man, and to continue to safe¬ 
guard his interests fbr such leriod after he enters employment as may be 
necessary to complete, in each individual case, his re-establishn^t as a 
civilian worlJor. As has been stated before, it is intended to direct the 
disabled man toward, and to provide him with training for,an occupation in 
which he can become as proficient as the normal man. His status as perma¬ 
nently employed begins at the point wlien, in the opinion of the Bureau, he 
has perfected himself in the process, and adjusted himself to the demands 
of c(»ffinercial production to such an extent that the preliminary or probation¬ 
ary period smy be considered to be completed, and his support, as a student, 
by the CtovemiE^t automatically ceases. Tet it must not be overlooked that 
s(SBe of the disabled men will not become fully competent to earn the prevail¬ 
ing wage. Therefore, for every disabled man "sdio is unable, because of his 
handicap, to earn the full prevailing wage of his occupation, an adjustment 
is to be made. If worlting agreements are in effect between employers and 
^ployees, such regulations will govern the procedure in adjusting such par¬ 
tial waiges, but where there are no such faicilitios, the Bureau provides that 
such adjustment is to be made by conference between the man, his employer, 
and a representative of the Federal Board. The principle underlying sinsh 
arrangements shotad be tiat the disabled man is to receive equal pay for equal 
work, and that under no circtaastance should a decrease be made because he 
is receiving a oosqmnsation for his injury from the Government. 




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e.dl ©eoecM ©Jbii^s ©d” ^iii •soliJib bm 


-79- 


It is not to be expected that as many or as great social changes will 
tal?e place in the United States as in Eorope* Heitha:' our h^its of 
thinking, nor our ordinary ways of life, hare undergone a great disturbazice* 
^fhe hackneyed phrase "'Phings will never again toe the same after the War", 
has a much more concrete and deeply felt meaning among the European peoples, 
fheir minds are fully adjusted to the conviction and expectation that these 
words will come true. In the second place, the devastation, the loss of 
capital and of men, the changes in individual relations, and the increase 
in the activities of the Qovemment have to^n much greater in Europe than 
in the United States. Moreover, our si^erior natural advantages and re¬ 
sources, with better industrial and social conditions^of our working 
classes, all constitute an obstacle to anything like revolutionary chains. 
It is significant that no social group in America, not even among the wage- 
earners, has produced such a fundamsntal and radical program of reconstruc¬ 
tion as the Labor Party of Great Britain* 

3!he United States and, in fact, the world in general, has had very 
little experience on which to base a program of vocational rehabilitation. 
Probably the largest experience is that coming from the efforts of var¬ 
ious countries to rehabilitate those men disabled in the recent war. The 
work of soldier-rehabilitation is wide-spread, and although only very gen¬ 
eral conclusions may be drawn at the present time, there is growing up 
throughout the country experience whioh will be most valuable in establish¬ 
ing fl-Tid carrying out a program of vocational rehabilitation for persons 
disabled in civil life* ^^ining agencies and individuals who are taking 
part in the program of tidier rehabilitation are gaining aa experience 
which, in time, can be, and probably will be, made use of in industrial 


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-- 80 - 


reliabilitat ion* 

A» a final sarric© to te rendared after adrlslng with the disabled sol¬ 
dier in all matters affecting Ms rehabilitation, either directly or indirect¬ 
ly, and after proTiding, as may be necessary in each case, for physical re¬ 
construction, maintenance and training, the locational officer will face his 
ultimate goal, namely, that of placing the person in permanent employment in 
the selected job. 

A careful consideration of the needs and possibilitiee of the person and 
determination of the degree to which his qualifications meet the requirmaents 
of the job proposed, niay prore that in a given case no period of training is 
necessary. In a large nimber of oases, sprody restoration of earning power 
aM the possibility of ^vancement has been effected without training* and this 
procedure lias very obvious practical advantages. 

Placement in suitable employment in all cases will be greatly facilitated 
by the cooperation of employers or other oiganizations. Soioh cooperation is, 
in fact, essential and it can generally be secured by careful selection and 
placement. It is primarily essential that the vocational officer fully recog¬ 
nise and understand the eiaployer’s needs as well as those of th§ disabled i^r— 
son. Persistent and syispathetic cooperation in placement wcark will insure 
ultimate success of the rehabilitation pi^ogram. 

Mach discussion has arisen at times relative to the auspices under which 
the teadaptation of the war cripple should be held. It has been demonstrated, 
nc^if^only as a matter of principle, but also by actual experimental results* 
triat the responsibility is almost emphatically a aational one. Private 
charity woMd place a stigna upon the wort which would naturally prejudice 
the attitude of the men. The restoration of these men, €«ren when done in 




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the best possible maimer, refrej^nts a taslc which can be only partial in 
attainment, ani since these men have been disabled in the service of the 
state, the latter should not transfer its responsibility to j^rform a 
reciprocal daty* There can never be nation-wide certainty that the supply 
of privately provided facilities will be commensurate with the demand, for 
when dep^dence is had upon the dole of private charity, it is a greater 
probability that the equipment of such re«©dt»ational a^genoies in the more 
wealthy tirban centers would be mors suitable than that in the rural sections, 
and such a haphaaard scheme would indeed be intolerable* Vast funds are 
necessaril;/ needed to suitably carry on this work, and at best the results 
of various solicitations for charity would be variable, hence there could be 
no standardisation of work. Inasmuch as the soldier is entitled to train¬ 
ing by virtue of his rights as a citizen and an honorable public servant, 
there can be no other alternative but centralised pi&lic control, where the 
facilities provided can Iseep pace with, or indeed ahead of, the tequirements. 
Of course it is not to be inferred from this that voluntary efforts and facil¬ 
ities shouii not be fcorthcoming; rather it is ifcery essential, as the debt is 
one which is coiaaon to all of our cit isenship and must be paid for in one way 
or another. A ©entral and mtional direction of the work, au^nted by pri¬ 
vate dontributions, represents piactical coopei^tion and gives great assurance 


of success 


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GEORGETOWN UNlVERSrTY 





